Compare and contrast immigration in the U.S. with immigration and related issues experienced in Australia.
Please draw from at least one outside source to support the information included in your response, and remember to cite your source(s) in APA format.
250 word minimum.
You are an office manager working in an orthopedist office. You are responsible for filling out the insurance billing forms and processing any denials. While reviewing the denials, you find they are in fact billable services. The issue is a lack of understanding from the insurance processer due to not having a medical terminology background. Start your conversation with the processer regarding services offered and using medical terms, and explain what the services are in understandable terms. Your classmates can continue the dialogue by asking questions about other services offered that were denied
Write a mediation Scenario for the role of a mediator that account a total of 20 minutes.
As a way to gain some practice in decryption, design an exercise for your classmates using the two-stage transposition technique. Include the following:
Be sure to document your references using APA format.
Please answer all questions at the end of the case study including 3-13 to 3-15. The case study and the questions are attached below.
1. For these problems, a Boolean expression: means an expression like “2 < x <= 4” or “5<x and y>2”
a. If r and s are both numbers: write the Boolean expression that will make the statement that (r – s) is greater than -4 and less than 5.
b. if r = 8 and s = 2, what value would Python assign to the expression you wrote in part a. ?
c. if x=5,y=2, and z=False, what value will Python return if you type in this sentence: z == True and x < 4 or y >1
d. Write one Boolean expression that says the numbers n and r are both between 1 and 6 inclusive.
e. Write one Boolean expression that says the numbers n and r are either or both less than or equal to 4
2. Simplify using De Morgan’s laws: Note: the idea is to get rid of the not in each expression by using De Morgan’s law and then use a Boolean expression to express the a and b equalities and inequalities.
a. not (a >= 3 and b <= -2)
b. not(b<4 or a>2)
3. For the following problem submit a photo of the flowchart and shots of your Python screens showing the program code and the output. Your task is to input from the teacher the test score of each student and to output the highest score. You need to check each score to make sure it is valid (at least 0 and at most 100). If it is not valid, keep prompting for a valid score until you get one. After a valid score is input, process it, and then ask the teacher if she has another score to enter.
When you run the program, test the logic when the score entered is invalid, when it is a valid score, and when the teacher says she has no more scores to enter.
4. For the following problem submit a photo of the flowchart and shots of your Python screens showing the program code and the output. There are 6 students in the group. Ask each student to enter the number of minutes it took them to complete the homework. Only accept a non-negative number. If the number entered is negative, keep prompting until a non-negative number is entered. Find the average number of minutes to complete homework. Print a message that includes the average number of minutes.
Check the logic of your code by seeing what happens when you enter an invalid number of minutes and when you enter a valid number of minutes.
For this task, you will have 3 primary responsibilities or deliverables:
Identify and clearly describe an ethical issue.
Articulate a code of ethics that you feel is appropriate to address the ethical issue.
Apply your code of ethics, along with concepts of leadership and integrity to arrive at your ultimate resolution to the ethical issue chosen.
The task will be divided into 3 sections—one to address each of the above deliverables.
Part 1: Identifying the Ethical Issue
.For Part 1 of this task, you are to identify and describe your chosen business-related ethical issue. For Part 1, identifying and describing your chosen business-related means that you are to do the following:
State the ethical issue chosen from the list, or state the ethical issue you have chosen that is not from the list. For example, “I have chosen to use the following ethical issue for this assignment: deceptive advertising.”
Provide a fact-based scenario that will illustrate to your audience the ethical issue involved. For example,
The company General Gadgets, Inc. has been in business for 30 years, but in the last 10 years, it has watched its sales continually plummet because of increased competition in the market. General Gadgets held a 50% market share through the year 2001, but it has watched that market share dwindle to 5% in 2010. In an effort to boost its lagging sales, Widgets, Inc. has hired a marketing firm, Sell It Like It Is Marketing, LLC, to come up with a new marketing campaign. You are the vice president are in charge of corporate social responsibility (CSR) for General Gadgets, Inc. It has been brought to your attention that the marketing campaign being put together is going to do more than just bend the truth a little in terms of claims about the durability of General Gadgets, Inc.’s newest product.
Discuss the impact that this ethical issue may have on all interested parties. For example “As the VP of CSR, your concern is that this marketing campaign may have a long-term negative impact on the business, despite the potential short-term revenue boost. It could damage the company’s reputation; it could increase the potential for product-related lawsuits; and internally, it could further erode the employee’s faith in leadership, which has taken a hit as a result in the downward direction of the business in general.”
The examples provided do not represent complete answers, but serve only as examples to provide a little direction for you in getting started. Your answers should go into more detail so that the reader does not have basic questions related to the issue involved or the facts of your scenario. Also, the more detail you use when developing your fact scenario, the easier it will be to complete Part 3 of this assignment.
Following is a list of potential business-related ethical issues from which to choose. Keep in mind that this list is not exhaustive, and you may choose an issue not from this list. Whether you are choosing from this list or from outside of this list, it is important that you focus your energies on the last two sections above, so that the reader has a clear picture of the issue and the facts going forward.
Omitting the details of certain side effects of drugs by pharmaceutical manufacturers
Manufacturing products that are designed to fail sooner to generate repeat business (built in obsolescence)
Selling products that the company knows are harmful or addictive to consumers
In a retail setting, profiling potential customers based on race, age, religion, etc. (for example, following a customer around while he shops because of his appearance)
Bait and switch tactics
Deceptive advertising
Deceptive packaging or wasteful or unnecessary packaging
The number of minorities or women in positions of senior leadership in an organization
Bribing of government officials to obtain contracts
Using insider information
Ignoring health and safety concerns in the workplace
The deliverable length for Part 1 should be at least 400 words in length.
Part 2: Develop a Business Code of Ethics
Now that you have identified for your reader the details involved with your proposed business-related ethical issue, you must determine what rules need to be in place for the organization to eliminate or reduce this issue as a problem for the company going forward.
A code of ethics may help to eliminate some of the differences of opinion when faced with an ethical decision-making situation. Two intelligent professionals may view a situation differently. Their own morals and personal experiences may cause them to reach different conclusion as to acceptable behavior in the circumstance. A code of ethics will make clear what the right thing to do is in that situation.
When professional organizations create a code of ethics, this code serves the purpose of unifying or compromising differences in morality. Two people with differing personal values can share a set of values that they agree will promote their particular profession.
Why are the rules important? The rules are important because they promote a particular standard of ethical behavior. This means that the rules set a minimum standard, a baseline, with respect to certain levels of acceptable behavior expected of all members of the organization.
For Part 2 of this Key Assignment, you are to prepare a detailed code of ethics/code of conduct designed to address the ethical issue you described in Part 1. Use the Internet, the library, and other credible sources to find examples of existing codes of ethics/codes of conduct, for an idea of how to format or structure your code of ethics. Please tailor your code of ethics to the specific industry you have chosen for your fact scenario.
For this task, you can create a general code of ethics for those areas that do not deal with your chosen ethical issue. However, for those sections of your code of ethics that deal specifically with your chosen ethical issue, please make certain that you go into detail. For example, based on the General Gadgets, Inc., scenario discussed in Part 1, the code of ethics does not need to go into detail on the subject of conflicts of interest, but it should go into detail on the subject of marketing responsibly and securing the trust of customers.
Remember: Design your code of ethics to provide guidance for an employee faced with an ethical decision-making opportunity. Keep in mind that guidance does not mean that the code of ethics will always tell the employee specifically what he or she should do in every situation. However, it should provide sufficient direction that a thoughtful, well-meaning employee should be able to determine the course of action she or he should take, including seeking out advice from a superior, or a particular department or group within the organization.
Your proposed code of ethics should include comments for the sections addressing the ethical issue that is the focus of this assignment. Your comments should indicate why each provision is important, and how it is intended to address the chosen ethical issue.
The deliverable length for Part 2 should be at least 800 words in length
please respond to the main discussion DQ1 and DQ2 and also respond to the Peers Discussions
DQ1
Why is understanding the health care system at the local level important to consider when planning an EBP implementation? Conduct research and solicit anecdotal evidence from your course mentor that you will take into consideration for your own change project.
DQ2
Compare and contrast two change theories, and determine which theory makes the most sense for implementing your specific EBP project. Why? Has your mentor used either theory, and to what result?
Peer DQ1
According to ( Li, Jeffs, Barwick, Stevens 2018) understanding the health care system at the local level is important to consider when planning an EBP implementation because our population is growing and changing and the delivery of our health care system is trying to meet the needs of the population. Therefore, when you understand the health care system, you can better identify the problem, critique the evidence, implement evidence-based recommendations, evaluate the change, and disseminate results. Implementation of evidence is essential for patients to receive the best care possible. Implementation is the fourth step in the EBP process and requires moving from a focus on finding and evaluating the evidence to actively using it to produce quality outcomes.
References:
Shelly-Anne Li, Lianne Jeffs, Melanie Barwick, & Bonnie Stevens. (2018). Organizational contextual features that influence the implementation of evidence-based practices across healthcare settings: a systematic integrative review. Systematic Reviews, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-19 (2018), (1), 1. https://doi-org.lopes.idm.oclc.org/10.1186/s13643-…
Peer DQ2
It enables you to have a quality approach towards the integration of clinical experts, patients value work effectively when research evidence is inclusive. Patients value differ from one patient to another and as a health practitioner you must understand how each of them with their expectations. This will led to improved decision making as the desired result is based on the analysis and evaluation of data.
Explanation:
The ability to review and align resources so as to get a desired decision. Understanding of health care at local levels will enable for critical analysis of data so as to evaluate their performance. You get to know how their data is and based on research or not and whether the evaluation is being done by competent power. When you realize a defect address it to enable for effective evidence based decisions.
Peer DQ3
It is important to understand the health care system at the local level when planning an EBP implementation. Evidence- based practice is meant to be the best thing or action to take to that can enhance proper or normal physiological functioning, to protect, promote, optimize health and abilities, prevent illness and injury, facilitate healing, and alleviate suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, groups, communities and populations (ANA, n d). Any change in the practice of nursing should be able to improve the present situation better than the previous practices. It is imperative to understand the present situation, the present situation and the expected outcome which is the future situation -after changes are made. To implement EBP, one must know what the expected accomplishments are, set up standard of knowing if the change is an improvement or not, and exactly what to do that would result in improvement (Institute for Healthcare Improvement, 2018) It helps in the
Understanding the health care system at the local level will help to know the improvement that is needed. How much of the change needed, to decide if the propose change will work in that environment / system? It also enables one to know the cost, social impact, side effects from the anticipated change and to minimize resistance during implementation. (Institute for Healthcare Improvement, 2018) Example, in any health care settings Medicare / Medicaid / insurance cover most health care health care services, one must inquire about what services the coverage and payment
Planned change in nursing practice is necessary for a wide range of reasons. Understanding and using a change theory framework can help managers or other change agents to increase the likelihood of success. This article considers three change theories and discusses how one can be used in practice (Mitchell, 2013) Theory of Change calls for a comprehensive description and illustration of how and why a desired change is expected to happen in a context, and how these lead to desired goals being achieved. It also involves the Outcomes Framework which provide the basis for identification of activity or intervention that will lead to the outcomes identified as requirements for attaining the long-term goal (Center for theory of Change,2018) Example Dogs Trust Worldwide, an international Non-Governmental Organization which works to improve canine welfare, apply Theory of Change framework to identify challenges faced when collaborating with local partners to achieve its mission. Theory of Change approach and its importance to Human Behavior Change within this. Questions which need to be addressed were identified as a conduct of working with partner organizations and acknowledging issues around producing evidence to measure the impact our work has on the ultimate beneficiaries (Karen Reed and Melissa M Upjohn,2018)
References:
American Nurses Association(ANA): Scope of Nursing Practice retrieved from https://www.nursingworld.org/practice-policy/scope…
Center for theory of Change, 2018: What is Theory of Change retrieved from https://www.theoryofchange.org/what-is-theory-of-c…
Karen Reed, & Melissa M. Upjohn. (2018). Better Lives for Dogs: Incorporating Human Behavior Change Into a Theory of Change to Improve Canine Welfare Worldwide. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, Vol 5 (2018). https://doi-org.lopes.idm.oclc.org/10.3389/fvets.2…
Mitchell, G. (2013). Selecting the best theory to implement planned change. Nursing Management – UK, 20(1), 32–37. Retrieved from https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search…
Peer DQ4
Over the years, the implementation of evidence-based practice has been embraced in health care settings ( Warren et al., 2016). However, the process of planning for implementation will need to consider the health care system at the local and national levels. It is important to understand the vision and goals of the existing health care system at the local levels to ensure that the implemented EBP is in line with the goals and vision of the system. The implemented EBP should help the health care system to achieve the desired goals and vision. Without proper analysis and understanding of the local system, the implemented EBP may fail to meet the goals of the organization hence making it ambiguous. Understanding the local system will help to determine the culture and the issues that may be affecting the effectiveness of the system in delivering services ( Warren et al., 2016). Therefore, it will be possible to develop EBP that can help to solve the existing issues and respect the culture that exists.
The primary aim of the EBP is to meet the needs of the local community hence it is important to understand these needs and issues to ensure that the implementation offers a reliable solution. The understanding of the local system also allows in understanding the needs of the leaders to ensure that all stakeholders involved agree with the proposed evidence-based practice that is related to the organizational culture and goals. The leaders may be educated or made aware of the importance of implementing EBP to motivate them to participate and support this process. Therefore, it can be argued that the understanding of the local system is important since it guides the development of the objectives of the implementation. It helps to evaluate the needs of the people, corporate culture and needs in addition to goals to facilitate the implementation of a well-designed and planned evidence-based practice.
References
Warren, J. I., McLaughlin, M., Bardsley, J., Eich, J., Esche, C. A., Kropkowski, L., & Risch, S. (2016). The strengths and challenges of implementing EBP in healthcare systems. Worldviews on Evidence ‐ Based Nursing , 13(1), 15-24
Peer DQ5
It is imperative to understand the healthcare system at the local level when planning an EBP implementation because it allows the project manager to gain better knowledge of the existing policies and changes in the policies that can be made in the organization when it comes to new practices in the delivery of healthcare to patients. Meeting the needs of the patient populations is key to the delivery of high quality patient care (Lyons, 2014). For example, the hospital where I work has a very diverse patient population with various needs, so while planning an EBP implementation project in the organization, it is essential to take the diverse patient population into account and provide culturally competent care. According to Nadeau, Pinner, Murphy, and Belderson (2017), evidence-based practice is the conscientious and judicious use of current best evidence in conjunction with clinical expertise and patient values to guide health care decisions. That is why it is critical to understand the health care system at the local level.
David
Lyons, D. L. (2014). Implementing a comprehensive functional model of care in hospitalized older adults. MEDSURG Nursing, 23(6), 379-385.
Nadeau, K., Pinner, K., Murphy, K., & Belderson, K. M. (2017). Perceptions of a primary nursing care model in a pediatric hematology/oncology unit. Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing, 34(1), 28-34. doi:10.1177/1043454216631472
Peer DQ6
The two change theories that are discussed are the Lewin and Rogers change theories. In the movement stage of Lewin and the interest stage of Rogers change theory, there are assessment and trial stages. These stages also include altering the agents to get all accessible information and come up with solutions regarding the problem. The refreezing stage of Lewin theory corresponds to the adoption stage of Roger change theory. In these stages, the expected change is already incorporated in the system, and approaches are created to stop the system from reverting to the old practices (Mitchell, 2013). In the unfreezing stage of Lewin change theory, the agents are inspired to make a change and members of staff that are affected are made conscious of the requirement to carry out the change. In this stage the issue is recognized and by use of collaboration selection of the best solution is made. The unfreezing stage happens when instability is familiarized to the system creating the necessity to make a change. This resembles stage one of Rogers change theory.
The theory that is most suitable to make a change in the Evidence-Based Practice is the Rogers change theory. This is because it functions as the theoretical framework in recognizing the situations that adopt innovation and linked ways of adoption (Mohammadi, Poursaberi & Salahshoor, 2018). The theory facilitates the assessment of how specific clinical actions are implemented and foster the concentration to be aimed towards the supposed innovation characteristics that promote implementation. In this theory, five traits of implementation are identified as compatibility, relative advantage, simplicity, trialability, and observability. These factors are expected to affect implementation in the EBP in a clinical practice.
My mentor has used this theory to implement change in the EBP projects. The result was that the theory facilitated in making an evaluation on the degree of the impact made by the implementation characteristics. The theory also helped in highlighting the necessity of intermediary factors like change agents, opinion leaders and gatekeepers in making the implementation successfull
References
Mitchell, G. (2013). Selecting the best theory to implement planned change. Nursing Management (through 2013), 20(1), 32.
Mohammadi, M. M., Poursaberi, R., & Salahshoor, M. R. (2018). Evaluating the adoption of evidence-based practice using Rogers’s diffusion of innovation theory: a model testing study. Health promotion perspectives, 8(1), 25.
Case Study
You are an external consultant hired to work with hospital administration and the human resources department. You are required to create a PowerPoint for a presentation to hospital administration. Read the Case Study about Regional Hospital on page 196, then answer the Case Study Questions below.
Case Study Questions
The PowerPoint
Original Assignment question: What are some reasons for and against contracting out? Additionally, what are reasonable items to contract out?
Assignment: Respond to the 3 students below. Responses should be a minimum of 150 words and include direct questions.
STUDENT 1: Steven
According to this week’s reading, the following are reason for contracting out and against contracting out (Gilbreth, Harry, Kankey, Williams, 2005).
Reasons for not contracting out:
-inherently gov’t functions such as cost expenditures or obligating the government
-current manpower resources are sufficient and the personnel are qualified
-concern with handling proprietary information
-could negatively impact competition
-not cost efficient
-unsatisfactory contractor performance
Reasons for contracting out:
-meet workload requirements
-inability to hire adequate resources to meet workload
-contracting out is faster than hiring to meet workload
-ability to select specific expertise required
-bridge to hiring permanent employees
-most cost effective
As for the reasonable items that could be contracted out, the way that I look at it, is that in business you take what your niche is, and concentrate on that.Everything else you would contract out.
In my facilities practices throughout my daily activities, I think that I deal with this quite a bit.The building management I work with for my building focuses on managing the property, and contracts out the daytime cleaning, HVAC preventive maintenance, and security.These are just a few examples of items that are contracted out that are part of our lease. Other things that would be contracted out would be electricians or trade craftsman such as plumbers, painters/drywall repair.These would be contracted out, as there would not be a need to have these person’s on staff full-time due to the lack of the constant need.This would not be cost effective.
In the Civil Engineering world of the USAF, there is the BIG 3 … grounds maintenance, refuse collection and disposal, custodial requirements.Now granted, that this does not represent a situation that is solely operated upon by the USAF, as I am sure that most every military branch follows the same, if not very similar actions (Personal interview with LtCol Seth Hamilton, Sr Contracting Officer, JSF).
References
Gibreth, A. S., Harry, B. R., Kankey, R. D., & Williams, J. S. (2005, November). CONTRACTING OUT PROCUREMENT FUNCTIONS: AN ANALYSIS. Retrieved from https://edge.apus.edu/access/content/attachment/37…
STUDENT 2: Adam
In order to answer the question of what are some reasons for and against contracting out, we are going to identity what “contracting out” means. According toMerriam-Webster, contracting out is to agree by contract to pay someone outside an organization to perform (a job).The reason for contracting out are as follows but not limited to, opening public services up to competition can save the tax payer money, private sector businesses more likely to achieve efficiency improvements and cost savings are leading to improving value for their money and lastly business in the private sector might b more innovative, less hierarchical and less prone to suffering from diseconomies for scale. Now, for the reasons why not to contract out areas follows but not limited to, businesses bidding to win contracts might sacrifice quality of service as a way of lowering their cost, doubts about some employment practices of service companies and lastly requires proper monitoring which itself involves extra spending.
Within the Coast Guard they contracted out to one of three shipyards to compete in the chanceto land a contract potentially worth $10 billion to build up to 11 offshore patrol cutters, or OPCs, for the Coast Guard. While one shipyard hasn’t built Coast Guard boats in generations, the cutters would be similar in size to the Navy guided missile frigates the shipyard churned out alongside destroyers for years. The two other Gulf Coast shipyards competing against the Coast Guard contract – Bollinger Shipyards in Lockport, Louisiana, and Eastern Shipbuilding in Panama City, Florida which is a smaller, more diversified, nonunion yards located in a lower-cost area of the country. In addition, Bollinger already builds fast-response cutters for the Coast Guard as part of a 34-ship contract, which also won the outsourcing contract for the OPC’s.
STUDENT 3: Kirby
Hello Class,
Already we are at Week 7! This course has really flown by! I am really hoping to get a lot of work completed early here as I am finishing 2 courses and working on mid-terms in two other courses, so bear with me as this next week is going to be quite busy for me. This week we were asked, what are some reasons for and against contracting out? Additionally, what are reasonable items to contract out?
From what I could understand from our reading, there portions of work that could be contracted out to other vendors or sources. As long as those services are not an “inherently government function”. Our reading defines inherently government functions as “a function that is so intimately related to the public interest as to mandate performance by Government employees. This definition is a policy determination, not a legal determination. An inherently governmental function includes activities that require either the exercise of discretion in applying Government authority, or the making of value judgments in making decisions for the Government. Governmental functions normally fall into two categories: the act of governing, i.e., the discretionary exercise of Government authority, and monetary transactions and entitlements.” (Gilbreth, Harry, Kankey, Williams, 2005). To use my current job as an example, working in the housing office, we manage all the homes on post for the government. When it comes to deciding if additional housing needs to be built, that would be an inherently government function. However, while managing the homes that become vacant, we as the housing office, can contract out specific tasks such as, electrical work, contracting repairs in the home, flooring, or cleaning, in order to get homes completed and re-rented quicker. An example would be that if we only used in house cleaners, construction workers, or flooring techs, it could take anywhere from 14-25 days to turn a home. However, if we contracted out flooring and cleaning, we might be able to finish a home in 10-14 days. Therefore, reducing the length of time a home sits vacant as well as the lost rent in waiting for that home to be finished. However, a negative side to contracting services out, could lead to losses due to faulty work or even workers not upholding post policies. These negative actions could lead to delays in services being completed or even lawsuits.
V/R
Kirby
Gilbreth, A., Harry, B., Kankey, R., & Williams, J. (2005). Contracting out procurement functions: an analysis. Retrieved from: https://edge.apus.edu/access/content/group/374466/…
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