Biographical Speech Requirements:

1. Prepare a 5-7 minute speech about a famous person. (i.e. singer, artist, politician, actor/actress, world leader, athlete, etc.)

 Use chronological format to discuss the person’s childhood, education, career, accomplishments and what they are doing now or up to the point they died, if they are deceased. You will set up what you plan to say in the Biography Speech Outline Assignment. Your sources must be cited in the bibliography of your outline using MLA format and must be verbally cite where they fit in the body of the speech when you deliver to avoid plagiarizing the research..

2. You may use up to four notecards, fronts only (4×6 size). Using additional notes will result in a 10-point penalty. Because we deliver speeches extemporaneously in this course, you are required to use at least one notecard. Do not try to memorize your speech and do not use pieces of paper to deliver.

3. Use a key-word outline on your notecards. These notecards should be turned in after you deliver the speech in class, or mailed to me with your video-taped speech. Refer to Chapter 3 (pp. 52-53) for a discussion of speaking notes.Also, see my sample notecard. You must use short sentences and phrases on the notecards to help avoid reading directly from the cards.

4. Two sources are required that are NOT from the Internet — such as from books, magazines, or newspapers, or online database articles accessed through the Hinds Library website [lrc.hindscc.edu]. You may use more than two sources if needed, and any additional references may be from any type of source, except avoid using Wikipedia and other encyclopedias.

All sources used in the speech must be cited verbally in the body of your speech and in writing in the bibliography (Works Cited) section of your outline. Instructions for citing sources are located under the module that contains the Biographical Speech Outline assignment and are included as a link in this module, too.

5. The online databases from the link posted within these instructions can be used as sources even though you access them through the Internet because they were originally published in approved sources.

  

Instruction:Use the below information develope a PowerPoint Presentation will include the information from your written paper Below in 10-12 slides (including a title and reference slide in APA format). Make sure to include speaker notes at the bottom of your slide to explain the content of your slide.

Patients fall in a hospital facility is one of the metrics used for measuring the quality of nursing practice or health service. Patients’ fall leads to other complication that can land the healthcare facility into trouble and ultimately unplanned expenses. According to the healthcare laws, any injury that occurs to the patient during their stay in a healthcare facility as a result of carelessness of the healthcare facility or a healthcare officer resulting in an incurring expense then that particular healthcare facility will incur that particular expense.

I chose the patient falls for the clinical problem because of the increase in the rate of falls among the patients admitted to hospitals. The issue has resulted in further complication to patients which prolong their stay in hospital (Straus et al., 2018). Some of the causes of falls are linked to the faulty equipment in the hospital, and the most affected population are individuals aged sixty years and up who are not able to act with speed in case of the fall happening.

The PICOT questions can be used to find the pieces of evidence for the research. Here we can use it to find pieces of evidence for patients fall of a particular age, e.g. sixty in the health facility. After finding the pieces of evidence, we can then use the results to correct the issue not in only a particular health facility but also in other healthcare facilities. We can come up with PICOT questions that will lead to understanding the issue in-depth (Elias et al., 2015). The following is the PICOT question for this problem.

PICOT Question

In patients of 60 years and over who are victim’s healthcare falls, how do their fall incidences compared to those who do not get fall incidences influence their treatment and their overall health for the remaining time of their lives?

Patients who are victims of falls are likely to face the psychological effects of the incidences as they complicate their entire treatment, which reduces their chances of recovering from their illness. Most patients die as a result of complications arising from the fall incidence, which happens within the shortest time (Straus et al., 2018).

Integration of evidences

The pieces of evidence of these falls can be integrated into healthcare facilities to enhance the equipment and care of the patients who are advanced in terms of age. First, many causes of falls are linked to the faulty equipment used in the hospital facility (Stephenson et al.,2016). Consequently, healthcare organizations should ensure that their pieces of equipment are always in good condition. Also, the equipment should be regularly assessed to find outfalls and correct in advance. 

The second reason for fall happens as healthcare negligence. This cause is linked to the nurses who do not take their work seriously or who are overworked in healthcare settings. For this reason, healthcare should monitor their nurses to ensure that they are always keen and ready to prevent the fall incidences that are likely to happen to patients as are the result of health conditions making their body system vulnerable to fall (Stephenson et al.,2016).

Evaluation

The healthcare should always keep records of rates of falls in the hospital to find out the changes that might have been impacted by the incorporation of the methods discussed. Each method should be evaluated for a given period and assed to find out if there are changes and to identify areas of improvement that might be required.

Conclusion

Falls in the healthcare system as fatal, especially when the patients involved are suffering from a serious health condition or if they are of advanced ages. The formulation of the PICOT question helped for finding the real issue and suggesting the needed correction in advance. The question leads to discovering that fall cases are caused by faulty health equipment and healthcare personnel negligence.

  

References

Elias, B. L., Polancich, S., Jones, C., & Convoy, S. (2015). Evolving the PICOT method for the digital age: The PICOT-D. Journal of Nursing Education, 54(10), 594-599.

Straus, S. E., Glasziou, P., Richardson, W. S., & Haynes, R. B. (2018). Evidence-Based Medicine E-Book: How to Practice and Teach EBM. Elsevier Health Sciences.

Stephenson, M., Mcarthur, A., Giles, K., Lockwood, C., Aromataris, E., & Pearson, A. (2016). Prevention of falls in acute hospital settings: a multi-site audit and best practice implementation project. International Journal for Quality in Health Care, 28(1), 92-98.

Technology is integral to successful implementation in many projects, through either support or integration or both. Name at least one technology that could improve the implementation process and the outcomes of your EBP project. Do you plan to use this technology? If not, what are the barriers that prevent its use?

 Discuss “Improving Decision Analysis”. 

Respond to two colleagues in one of the following ways:

If your colleagues’ posts influenced your understanding of these concepts, be sure to share how and why. 

Include additional insights you gained.If you think your colleagues might have misunderstood these concepts, offer your alternative perspective and be sure to provide an explanation for them. 

Include resources to support your perspective.

                                          Main Post

Agonist-to-Antagonist Spectrum of Action        

Molecules that bind to receptors are referred to as ligands (“Pharmacology Corner: Agonists and Antagonists”, 2015).  Ligands are capable of binding to receptor sites and producing a biological response. These ligands are called agonists (“Pharmacology Corner”, 2015).  The opposite effect can also take place. Ligands that block the responses of agonists are referred to as antagonists. An agonist binds to a receptor site, activates it, and causes a signal to be transmitted. This reaction is called a biological response (“Pharmacology Corner,” 2015).  Conversely, an antagonist also binds to a receptor site, but blocks binding from any other agonists, thus preventing any biological response (“Pharmacology Corner”, 2015).  Several types of agonists exist on a spectrum. Their place on this spectrum is measured by comparing their binding ability versus endogenous agonists already present in the body (“Pharmacology Corner”, 2015).  Endogenous agonists are present in the body. Super agonists produce a greater biological response than endogenous agonists. Next on the spectrum are full agonists, which mimic the efficacy of the endogenous agonists. Next in line are the partial agonists, which only exert a partial biological response as their name suggests (“Pharmacology Corner”, 2015).  The next group of agonists are the inverse agonists which act in two ways. They inhibit the normal receptor site activity, and exert the opposite pharmacological activity at the same time. Last on the spectrum are the irreversible agonists which permanently bind and activate the receptor site. Since this action is permanent, it only occurs once and results in the destruction of the receptor (“Pharmacology Corner”, 2015). 
G-Couple Proteins and Ion-Gated Channels        

Receptors called G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) facilitate most physiological responses to neurotransmitters, hormones, and stimulants in the environment. As such, they have great potential to be targeted for the treatment of many diseases (Rosenbaum, Rasmussen, & Kobilka, 2009). GPCRs comprise the largest group of membrane proteins and are responsible for most cellular responses to neurotransmitters and hormones. They also contribute significantly to the human senses of vision, smell, and taste (Rosenbaum et al., 2009).  GPCRs are made up of seven alpha-helical segments separated by intracellular and extracellular looped areas (Rosenbaum et al., 2009).                                                            

The fastest and least complex of signal pathways occur with signals whose receptors are gated ion channels (Ahern & Rajagopal, 2019).  Gated ion channels consist of many transmembrane proteins that create a hole, or a channel in the cell membrane. Each ion channel will allow the passage of a certain ionic species depending on its type. They are called gated because the passage is controlled by a gate which must be opened to allow the ions to pass (Ahern & Rajagopal, 2019).  The opening of the gates is controlled by the binding of a signal to the receptor. This causes the immediate passage of millions of ions across the membrane (Ahern & Rajagopal, 2019). 
Epigenetics in Pharmacologic Action        

Epigenetics refers to genetic information that exists beyond the information contained solely in the individual’s genetic code (Stefanska & MacEwan, 2015). Human diseases can be caused by a single base genetic mutation. Scientists have made great strides in unraveling the genetic code, recording the first complete sequence of the human genome in 2001 (Stafanska & MacEwan, 2015). These advances have prompted scientists to think beyond treating illness through drugs activating receptors, but in a more global fashion. Epigenetic mechanisms are systems that are able to alter or cancel genetic activation, and are present in all genes (Stefanska & MacEwan, 2015). These mechanisms may affect more than one gene or group of proteins, and can even regulate large groups of genes. Cancer is one disease in which the understanding of epigenetics can be key to more effective treatment (Stefanska & MacEwan, 2015). 
Specific Client Example        

One example of a common client issue is the opioid epidemic. Naloxone (Narcan) is an opioid antagonist that binds to the opioid receptors in the patient’s brain, reversing or blocking the effects of the opioid (“Opioid overdose reversal with naloxone (Narcan, Evzio)”, 2018). This is essential to save the patient’s life who has accidentally or intentionally overdosed on opiate drugs. Naloxone can quickly restore a normal breathing pattern in a person whose respirations have slowed or stopped as a result of the opiate (“Opioid overdose reversal”, 2018). Naloxone (Narcan) can be administered using a pre-filled delivery device that is sprayed into the nostril while the patient lies supine. This device is simple to use and requires no assembly (“Opioid overdose reversal”, 2018).  

                                            References

Ahern, K., & Rajagopal, I. (2019). Ligand-gated Ion Channel Receptors. Retrieved from https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Biochemistry/Book:_Biochemistry_Free_and_Easy_(Ahern_and_Rajagopal)/08:_Signaling/8.2:_Ligand-        gated_Ion_Channel_Receptors.Opioid overdose reversal with naloxone (Narcan, Evzio). (2018). Retrieved from drugabuse.gov.Pharmacology Corner: Agonists and Antagonists. (2015). Retrieved from aegislabs.com/agonistsRosenbaum, D.M., Rasmussen, S.G.F., & Kobilka, B.K. (2009). The structure and function of G-protein-coupled receptors. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3967846/#_ffn_sectitle.Stefanska, B., & MacEwan, D.J. (2015). Epigenetics and pharmacology. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4439868/#_ffn_sectitle.
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