1. According to Einstein, _________ will be perceived the same whether the observer is

 moving or not.

A. Space-time continuum

B. String theory

C. The speed of light

D. Theory of Relativity

2. Einstein’s theory about the ______implies that reality has four dimensions, not three.

A. Space-time continuum

B. String theory

C. The speed of light

D. Theory of Relativity

3. _______________is based on the claim that the ultimate building blocks of reality

 aren’t subatomic particles, but even smaller vibrating one-dimensional strings of

 energy.

A. Space-time continuum

B. String theory

C. The speed of light

D. Theory of Relativity

4. The world of subatomic particles spawned a separate branch of physics called quan-

 tum mechanics.

A. True

B. False

5. Imagine two twins. One gets onto a space ship and travels close to the speed of

 light for what the ship’s clocks record as a few months. The other twin remains on

 earth. When the space ship returns, there will be no difference in their ages.

A. True

B. False

6. Imagine that you are standing still, while a friend of yours is on a train heading north.

 You see two lightning bolts strike the ground at the same instant – one to the north

 and the other to the south. Einstein would say that your friend on the train experi-

 ences things differently, seeing the northern bolt strike before the southern bolt.

A. True

B. FalseUnit 4 Examination

176

Introduction to Philosophy

7. Unlike Newton, Einstein believes that space is constant and absolute and cannot

 “bend.”

A. True

B. False

8. One of the philosophical implications of Newton’s view of the universe is that human

 actions are totally free.

A. True

B. False

9. In ______________ “conventional” morality, including stages three and four, we un-

 derstand right and wrong in terms of laws and the expectations of others.

A. Kohlberg’s

B. Belenky’s

C. Gilligan’s

D. Perry

10. If we are at Perry’s second stage, “ unacceptable multiplicity,” and we hear two op-

 posite accounts of the causes of the Reformation, we would probably think that one,

 but only one, of the two accounts is true.

A. True

B. False

11. In Belenky’s fi rst stage, “____________,” knowledge is what some external authority

 says it is.

A. Constructed knowledge

B. Received knowledge

C. Subjective knowledge

D. Procedural knowledge

12. In Belenky’s fi nal stage, “_______________,” believing is more important than doubt-

 ing.

A. Constructed knowledge

B. Received knowledge

C. Subjective knowledge

D. Procedural knowledgeUnit 4 Examination

177

Introduction to Philosophy

13. If we combine the two perspectives represented by Kohlberg and Gilligan, the prob-

 lem of the moral justifi cation of an action becomes more diffi cult and involved.

A. True

B. False

14. Sex refers to societal roles, whereas gender refers to biology.

A. True 

B. False

15. In Perry’s fi nal stage, “relativism,” we generally believe that truth is a function of

 cultural norms.

A. True

B. False

16. According to Gilligan, in the view of most women, “the moral person is one who can

 understand and act in accordance with philosophical principles such as Kant’s ‘cat-

 egorical imperative’”

A. True

B. False

17. “Human” and “person” are different, but related, ideas. “Human” is a biological 

 concept, while “person” is a _____________ concept.

A. Theological

B. Philosophical

C. Scientifi c

D. Emotional

18. Humans’ curiosity about dolphins can be traced back at least to ancient__________.

A. Rome

B. China

C. Greece

D. None of the aboveUnit 4 Examination

178

Introduction to Philosophy

19. The one dolphin sense that acts as both their eyes and ears in the water is like the

 modern human sonar system onboard submarines.

A. True

B. False

20. Dolphins have a body temperature of _________ degrees.

A. 98.6

B. 96.8

C. 90.2

D. 92.2

21. As far as the criteria for “personhood” are concerned, dolphins probably do possess

 “awareness” because the fact that they can be so easily trained shows that they are

 aware of the external world and able to interact with it.

A. True

B. False

22. The fact that dolphins can perform leaps, dives and fl ips on cue from trainers: prove

 that dolphins are not intelligent enough to be persons, because persons would not 

 perform such menial behaviors.

A. True

B. False

23. In terms of the criteria for personhood developed in this chapter, dolphins, on bal-

 ance, did pretty well.

A. True

B. False

24. Dolphins live very solitary lives. 

A. True

B. False

25. One reason for choosing dolphins for such an inquiry is that it lets us keep the con-

 cept “person” from being too heavily colored by the notion “human.” This is possible 

 because there are substantial differences between humans and dolphins. 

A. True

B. False

Critical Thinking
scenario

Students will be assigned one ethical scenario concerning
Unocal in Burma.

Create a 850-1050 words, analyze your chosen scenario from a critical
thinking perspective:

-What is the moral responsibility of all major stakeholders?

-What are the stakeholders’ moral failings?

-What ideals or obligations are in conflict?

-What is the best outcome, given the consequences?

-In your conclusion, include a brief reflection of your analysis by describing
the relationship between critical thinking and ethics.

Note: Remember that this analysis should be based on critical thinking, not
on your personal opinion

Properly format the assignment in APA with appropriate references.

Reference web site:

Unocal in Burma

https://media.pearsoncmg.com/pls/us/phoenix/1269738887/Unocal_In_Burma.html

TRANSCRIPT:

Nightline March 28, 200

THE PEASANTS VS UNOCAL

The military junta that runs Burma has long been a pariah to global
advocates for human rights.

United Nations has condemned the regime annually for most of this decade
for its human rights records. And so have Human Rights Watch, Amnesty
International, other organizations.

After seizing power in a bloody coup in 1988 the generals further ruined
their reputations by aborting the clear cut 1990 election victory of Burma’s
pro-democracy party. And keeping under house arrest its Nobel Peace Prize
winning leader Aung San Suu Kyi.

The goal is this one; we want a democratic government elected by the
people.

Among Burma’s most consistent critics has been the U.S. State Department.
Year after year the Department’s annual human rights reports have detailed the
same crimes including, “…rape, forced labor, and extra-judicial killing.
Disappearances continue.” And year after year these abuses have been quietly
documented and are reflected annually in judgments like this, “The people of
Burma continue to live under a highly repressive authoritarian military regime
widely condemned for its serious human rights abuses.”

When Unocal is making the decision, do we want to go in here, first off
what kind of credence, what kind of role in your consideration, your corporate
consideration do things like the State Department human rights reports play? Do
you dismiss them?

No we don’t dismiss any information about a country where we’re thinking
about investing but as I said earlier the main things we look for are economic
opportunity which must be accompanied by a climate which we can perform our
business as an island of integrity, no matter what’s going on around us, to our
own standards.

On Unocal’s legal map of Burma there is an island of integrity. The
stripe its pipeline cuts across southern Burma.

there’s a lot going on in that area that we’re very proud of.

Unocal has a ready list and a ready supply of videotape evidence of the
company’s good deeds on behalf of 40,000 people living in the pipeline region.

First—direct employment which is important. Because employment and
economic opportunity is a human right. I say after that medical facilities. 12
full time doctors in an area that had no doctors.

No one disputes the pipeline company’s good deeds, often put on display
for visiting congress people, journalists, and even a pair of human rights
professionals. But the plaintiffs assert in their lawsuit that Unocal’s island
of integrity is sustained by a surrounding sea of human rights abuses.

The company works with the Burmese army, the army uses people’s labor to
build roads to get to the pipeline. The army brought us to the pipeline area to
work. We had to build the helipad, we had to carry the rations.

We’ve concealed the identity of this man and of all the other Burmese
plaintiffs in the Unocal case in observance of a protection order issued by
Judge Paez.

We have to go work for the railroad. We have to go work in the battalion
compound and we had to work as porters. In one year I think I had to go more
than ten times.

When you worked were you always paid?

No I never got paid.

I am sure that the military uses conscripted labor for porterage and I
know that in the early days of the execution of this project, military units in
the area of this project were using conscripted labor.

But, says Imle, not anymore. A claim disputed by one of the plaintiffs,
John Doe number 11.

That’s not true. They continued to force people to work for them. After I
left, people from my village still had to work. They told us about it.

We cannot and I cannot personally take responsibility for the conduct of
the government of Burma any more than I can take responsibility for the conduct
of the Los Angeles Police Department. I can take responsibility for what goes
on in our pipeline area.

That move is a little bit of a shell game.

To plaintiffs attorney Jenny Green that argument is red meat.

You, my business partner, you’re going to take responsibility for making
sure that the military barracks are built, that the helipad is built, that enough
soldiers are in the area to guard this pipeline and you can do whatever you
want but I’m not responsible because it’s this other person. And U.S. law is
particularly designed to say you can’t have two people in the same business
operation, one of them being clean and the other one playing dirty without them
both being held responsible.

Chicago style format 2-3 pages

Readings: Jefferson, “notes on the state of Virginia”; Ruffin, “the political economy of slavery”; James Henry Hammond, “the mudsill speech”; Alexander Stephens, “the cornerstone speech”; reverend A.T. Holmes, “the duties of Christian masters”

Prompt: What common threads and significant shifts can you identify in these documents? We’re the arguments in defense of slavery characterized more by continuity or change?

Assignment 2: Political Parties and the Electoral Process

Write a three to four (3-4) page paper on the relationship between political parties and the electoral process in which you:

1. Identify three to four (3-4) ideological differences between America’s two (2) major political parties.
2. Analyzekey reasons why third parties have never been successful at the presidential level. 
3. Determine the role of the campaign process in maintaining the two-party system. Use examples to support your response.
4. Use at least four (4) quality academic resources in this assignment. Note: Wikipedia and other Websites to not qualify as academic resources.

Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:

• Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
• Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required page length.