Nowadays, cybercriminals have taken the advantage of vulnerability of their potential victims to malware attacks. It is easier for hackers to attack users through their computers or PCs using malware than using most of the other tricks. The worst thing about the modern era is the high social media sites usage, high mobility of employee, and dominant user-driven IT because these factors have increased the level of exposure of business networks to attacks inform of malware. The best practice adopted should mitigate effects of viruses, worms, as well as the advanced issues from Trojans (Symantec, 2018). The practice should minimize the probability of losing confidential, sensitive, and personal data like SSN, credit card numbers as well as passwords.

For users and organizations to mitigate the effects of malware on machines, the managers should focus on educating and training users. The reason is that most of the malware attacks use social engineering (Musthaler, 2011). This will mitigate the effects of malware on machines by minimizing the likelihood of attacks on machines, teach users on how to detect and resolve, and create awareness and confidence among users to share about cases or what they notice. Therefore, training should focus on critical topics (Musthaler, 2011). These topics should teach the users not to click any untrusted and unknown source; not to update “Flash,” “codec,” or “media player” when they are promoted by a site hosting videos or not affiliated with the app; not use P2P apps on business machines; and not click any attachments or links from unknown and untrusted sources.

Prior to engaging in this discussion, read Chapter 2 (attached): The Emergence of Cognitive Research, from your text, watch the video, TEDTalks: Peter Doolittle—How Your “Working Memory” Makes Sense of the World (Links to an external site.)TEDTalks: Peter Doolittle—How Your “Working Memory” Makes Sense of the World (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site., and the Instructor Guidance below.

For this discussion, you will be considering the variables that differentiate cognitivism from behaviorism and how this area of understanding ‘how we learn,’ affects our own ability to effectively acquire new knowledge and apply to our personal and professional goals.

As you have read this week, cognitivism is a theory that addresses the mind’s contribution to how we learn. The cognitive revolution (although considered by some as an overly stated fact) is suggested to have been a response to the behaviorist movement that rejected introspection (anti-mentalism), and controversially lead to, what some consider, a dissolvement of the behaviorist movement. Consider the following questions about cognitivism and discuss each, basing your posture on this week’s readings, your past experiences, and your past knowledge.

• Why is it suggested that cognitivists disagree with the behaviorist view that learning only occurs if there is an outward manifestation? What other notable differences do these two theories suggest?
• Do you agree with the cognitivist view that learning is a change in one’s schemata? (Support with citations.)
• How have your personal schemata changed throughout your life? (Could be about learning, but also about other domains such as love, honesty, hard work, loyalty, etc.)
• List an example of a schema that has changed, in your own knowledge development. involving the field of psychology.
• Based on cognitivism, what implications does it suggest is a potential concern for effectively processing information when cognitive load is not effectually considered?
  • Do you recall a time where learning was difficult because there were too many components all at once? What strategy(ies) did you use to work through this situation?

  (Post must be between 300-400 words with no plagiarism)

• First, post an initial response fully analyzing the following questions:
  • Were Manning’s actions legal under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, and what are the possible penalties for violating the act?
  • Were Manning’s actions legal under the UK Bribery Act and what are the possible penalties for violating the act?
  • Were Manning’s actions ethical, particularly in light of differing cultural norms?

When answering these questions, be sure to apply the following guidelines: Provide a full explanation for why all his actions were or were not legal and ethical in your discussion,
including a full rationale for each conclusion. This post can be as long or as short as you need in order to effectively make your points.

• Second, provide a substantive response to at least one posting from a colleague
  in the discussion, critiquing the initial post with rationale based on
  legal and ethical analysis.