Field Study: Remote Sensing and science of the enviroment, writing homework help
Field Study: Remote
Sensing. DO NOT ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS ONLY UNDERSTAND.
Background
This
field study will begin with the study of sea surface temperatures off the east
coast of the United States.
Then,
you will analyze a volcanic eruption. Mount Pinatubo’s eruption in 1991 was one
of the world’s largest eruptions in the past 40 years. Located in the
Philippines, the volcano introduced significant amounts of ash and gases into
the atmosphere, enough to cool the temperature of the entire earth slightly
over a period of 3 years.
Part
1: What Do These Images Reveal?
Procedure
1.
From the list of materials for this lesson, click the image titled Gulf
Stream 1. The image may open in a variety of programs. Use the application on
your computer that best shows the image.
2.
Determine what area you are viewing. Some images have an information
legend and key included; others may include geographic clues to the area shown.
Look at the information included with the image. This is an image of the ocean
temperature near the Atlantic coast of the United States, including parts of
the states from North Carolina to New Jersey.
3.
Note that each color in this image represents data. Notice the colors
closer to and farther away from the coastline. What trends do you see?
4.
From the list of materials for this lesson, click the image titled Gulf
Stream 2. Consider the two images of the same general region, but further south
along the coast. These images were taken several days apart in early September
of 1999. What are the substantial differences between them? The first image is
prior to the onset of Hurricane Dennis. The second was taken shortly after the
hurricane.
Part 2: Analysis of Volcanic Eruptions
Procedure
1.
Familiarize yourself with the location of Mount Pinatubo and the
details of the eruption. Use the Internet. Determine the longitude and latitude
of the volcano.
2.
From the list of materials for this lesson, click the image titled
Mount Pinatubo 1. All images that you will open for Mount Pinatubo were taken
after the main eruption of the volcano. Copy or save the first image. Open it
in a program that allows you to zoom in on an image. For the rest of this
exercise, it will be assumed that you are using the Paint program that many
computers have in the accessories folder. You may choose to use a graphics program
or other tool to accomplish the same tasks. For helpful tips on using Microsoft
Paint to view images, see Instructions for Using Paint to Analyze Images.
3.
Compare the images and note how far the cloud
traveled. To do this,
note that the images have a longitude and latitude grid where the
distance
between each pair of longitude or latitude lines represents 10°.
Consider that at different latitudes, 1° of longitude will not cover the
same distance. At the
latitude that you will note for the volcano, the circle of latitude (the
east-west line that circles the earth) has a length that is 96.6% of the
earth’s
circumference (the earth’s circle of latitude at the equator), which is
about
40,075 km. Since there are 360° of longitude, each degree of
longitude is equal to the length of the circle of latitude at that point
divided by 360. For the circle of latitude that passes through the
volcano,
each degree if longitude is equal to 108 km.
4.
Now that you have determined this scale, find the center of the cloud
as best you can. Note what you consider the latitude and longitude of the
center of the cloud. There will be variance between the location you choose as
the center and what others may choose. Additionally, remember that each pixel
is not a point but rather a large square that covers a significant area.
5.
Repeat this procedure for the other satellite images, Mount Pinatubo 2
and Mount Pinatubo 3. Since the cloud seems to be getting larger, it may be
more difficult to determine its center, but use a point that is in the center
of the white area on the image. These images do not have a grid as the first
one did, so you will have to estimate the latitude and longitude to the nearest
degree. Record your results in the table.
6.
Calculate the distance that the center of the cloud traveled from Mount
Pinatubo. Assume that the distance north and south is negligible compared to
the distance to the east and west. This can be calculated easily by determining
the number of degrees longitude the center of the cloud moved and multiplying
the result by 108 km, the number of kilometers in a degree.
Distance Traveled by the Gas Cloud of Mount Pinatubo
|
Date |
Latitude (°) |
Longitude (°) |
Distance traveled (km) |
|
Position of the volcano |
|||
|
Center of the cloud on |
|||
|
Center of the cloud on |
|||
|
Center of the cloud on |
7.
Plot a graph of cloud distance vs. time.
Part 3: Closer to Home
Procedure
1. Download and install Google
Earth. Use the Instructions for Downloading Google Earth to help with the
process.
2.
Note that Google Earth will allow you to view the location where you
live in detail. Perform an analysis of the different types of land usage that
are exhibited. To do this, find an image that is centered on your residence and
save it somewhere you will be able to find it easily.
3.
Open and zoom in on the image until it is pixilated. Microsoft Paint is
a valuable tool for this, though you may use another graphics program for this
analysis. For helpful tips on using Microsoft Paint to view images, see Instructions
for Using Paint to Analyze Images. For your analysis, indicate the size of the
area that you chose to use (for example, 250 pixels × 200 pixels).
4.
Determine the types of land usage in the image. Common land types are
vegetation, roads, streams, and buildings. Feel free to include others as you
need to.
5.
Determine the actual area of a pixel in square meters.
6.
Determine the percentage for each land type in your region.
Land Usage around Your Residence
|
Land type |
Size of area for land type (number of pixels) |
Total number of pixels in sample |
Percentage |
|
Housing/buildings |
|||
|
Roads |
|||
|
Vegetation |
|||
ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS BELOW ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS BELOW.
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Score |
1. In Part 1 of the field study, you
qualitatively compared images of sea surface temperature data. Discuss how
remote sensing, in this case, was more valuable than other kinds of data
collection, citing at least two ways in which remote sensing was a superior
form of data collection.
Answer:
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Score |
2. In Part 2 of the field study, you
studied the path of the cloud of gases and other substances spewed by Mount
Pinatubo. Submit your data table and one sample calculation where you
determined the distance traveled by the cloud. Also, submit the graph that you
created of distance of the cloud center over time.
Answer:
3.
In Part 3 of this field study, you determined percentages of land use
around your home. Would you describe the area in your study as diverse? Support
your answer with your data and submit your data table.
Answer:
—————————————–
1. Three hypotheses—ecocide, rat
outbreak, and climate change—are candidates as explanations of why the society
of Easter Island collapsed. Explain each hypothesis, present at least one piece
of evidence for each one, and state a lesson that each hypothesis contains for
the world today. For each hypothesis, write one paragraph of at least four
lines
Answer:
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Score |
2. In a paragraph, describe the
seven steps of the scientific method.
Answer:
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Score |
3. Error in data analysis often
occurs because the researcher has chosen an inappropriate sample for study—a
sample that does not correctly reflect the characteristics of the population or
phenomenon as a whole. Name at least three different causes of sampling error
and state why each of them can produce invalid data.
Answer:
