Florida National University nursing culture TIP Model

Chapter 1: Theoretical Foundations of Transcultural Nursing Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Transcultural Nursing #1 ❖ The blending of nursing and anthropology into an area of specialization within the discipline of nursing ❖ Conceptualized by Dr. Leininger ❖ A formal area of study that uses the concepts of culture and caring Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved Transcultural Nursing #2 ❖ Transcultural nursing (TCN) is a nursing specialty focused on the comparative study and analysis of cultures and subcultures. ❖ It examines these groups with respect to their: o Caring behavior o Nursing care o Health–illness values, attitudes, and beliefs o Patterns of behavior Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved Transcultural Nursing #3 ❖ Transcultural nursing’s goal is to: o Develop a scientific and humanistic body of knowledge in order to provide nursing care that is both ▪ Culture-specific ▪ Culture-universal Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved Transcultural Nursing #4 ❖ Culture-specific refers to: o Particular values, beliefs, and patterns of behavior that tend to be special or unique to a group and do not tend to be shared with members of other cultures ❖ Culture-universal refers to: o The commonly shared values, norms of behavior, and life patterns that are similarly held among cultures about human behavior and lifestyles Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved Question #1 ❖ Is the following statement true or false? ❖ Methods, rules, guidelines, and patterns of behavior about food practices can be described as culture-specific. Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved Answer to Question #1 ❖ True ❖ Rationale: The need for food is a culture-universal. ❖ Culture-specific determines methods, rules, guidelines, and patterns of behavior. For example, items that are considered to be edible; acceptable methods used to prepare and eat meals; rules concerning who eats with whom, the frequency of meals, etc. Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved Transcultural Nursing #5 ❖ Anthropology: o The study of humans, past and present, including their: ▪ Origins ▪ Behavior ▪ Social relationships ▪ Physical and mental characteristics ▪ Customs ▪ Development through time and in all places in the world Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved Transcultural Nursing #6 ❖ Culture (as defined by Leininger): the “learned, shared, and transmitted values, beliefs, norms, and lifeways of a particular group of people that guide thinking, decisions, and actions in a patterned way… ❖ Culture is the blueprint that provides the broadest and most comprehensive means to know, explain, and predict people’s lifeways over time and in different geographic locations.” Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved Transcultural Nursing #7 ❖ Influences a person’s definition of health and illness ❖ Oftentimes connotes a person’s racial or ethnic background ❖ Nonethnic culture encompasses: o Socioeconomic status o Ability or disability o Sexual orientation o Age o Occupation or profession Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved Transcultural Nursing #8 ❖ Ethnicity o The perception of oneself and a sense of belonging to a particular ethnic group or groups. It can also mean feeling that one does not belong to any group because of multiethnicity. ❖ Currently five classifications; however, some people may identify with more than one ethnicity/race. Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved Transcultural Nursing #9 ❖ Race o Refers to a group of people who share such genetically transmitted traits as skin color, hair texture, and eye shape or color ❖ Races are arbitrary classifications that lack definitional clarity; all cultures have their own ways of categorizing or classifying their members. Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved Historical and Theoretical Foundations of Transcultural Nursing ❖ Transcultural nursing: o Dr. Madeleine M. Leininger, nurse anthropologist o Initial conception in the 1950s o Formal creation as a specialty and new discipline within the profession in the 1960s to 1970s o Nurse scholars have generated a substantial and important body of theoretical, research, and evidencebased knowledge in TCN, which is ongoing. Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved Question #2 ❖ Is the following statement true or false? ❖ Transcultural nursing has been formally considered a nursing specialty since 2000. Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved Answer to Question #2 ❖ False ❖ Rationale: Transcultural nursing was formally considered as a specialty and new discipline within the profession in the 1960s and 1970s. Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved Leininger’s Contribution to Transcultural Nursing #1 ❖ Theory of Culture Care Diversity and Universality o Focuses on describing, explaining, and predicting nursing similarities and differences focused primarily on human care and caring in human cultures ❖ Sunrise Enabler o Visual representation of the concepts of her theory. Based on the concept of cultural care that guides nursing judgments and activities to provide culturally congruent care Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved Leininger’s Sunrise Enabler Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved Leininger’s Contribution to Transcultural Nursing #2 ❖ Established the Transcultural Nursing Society (TCNS) ❖ TCNS Newsletter ❖ Created the Journal of Transcultural Nursing (JTN) and served as founding editor ❖ Established the first master’s and doctoral programs in nursing with a theoretical and research focus in TCN ❖ Created a new qualitative research method called ethnonursing research to investigate phenomena of interest in TCN Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved Question #3 ❖ Is the following statement true or false? ❖ Dr. Madeleine M. Leininger authored both conceptual frameworks, the Theory of Culture Care Diversity and Universality and the Sunrise Model. Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved Answer to Question #3 ❖ True ❖ Rationale: Dr. Madeleine M. Leininger is credited with authoring both of these conceptual frameworks related to transcultural nursing. Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved Advancements in Transcultural Nursing #1 ❖ Expanded models by nursing scholars: o Giger and Davidhizar Transcultural Assessment Model o Purnell Model for Cultural Competence o Campinha-Bacote Model of Cultural Competence in the Delivery of Healthcare Services Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved Advancements in Transcultural Nursing #2 ❖ The Core Curriculum has been established to support TCN practice with a core base of knowledge. ❖ Used in a variety of practice settings. ❖ Two certifications offered in TCN, basic and advanced. Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved Andrews/Boyle Transcultural Interprofessional Practice (TIP) Model #1 ❖ A new model, uses the scientific process for delivering culturally congruent, quality care to people from diverse backgrounds across the lifespan ❖ Facilitates the delivery of nursing and health care consistent with cultural beliefs and practices of clients from diverse backgrounds ❖ Provides a conceptual framework to guide nurses in the delivery of culturally congruent care that is theoretically sound Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved TIP Model #2 ❖ Components of the model; the context from which people’s health-related values, attitudes, beliefs, and practices emerge: o Interprofessional health care team o Communication o Problem solving Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved TIP Model #3 ❖ Interprofessional health care Team o Client at its core o May also include family and support persons, other health care personnel, traditional, folk, and religious healers o All providers working together to deliver the highest quality of care o A partnership among client and providers that establishes trust, collaboration, cooperation, and communication Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved TIP Model #4 ❖ Communication o Verbal—spoken word, language (over 6,000 worldwide), tone of voice, abbreviations, idioms o Nonverbal—how people convey meaning without words. Facial expressions, gestures, posture, physical distance, silence, eye contact o Mixed—modesty, technology assisted Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved TIP Model #5 ❖ Problem solving o Guides health care teams in determining what the client needs to obtain optimal well-being and health. ▪ Comprehensive cultural assessment ▪ Mutual goal setting ▪ Planning care ▪ Implementing care ▪ Evaluation of care to achieve the goals of: ➢Culturally congruent, competent, quality care based on evidence and best practice Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved TIP Model #6 Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved TIP Model #7 ❖ Proficiency in using the problem-solving process requires time and repeated simulated and/or clinical experiences. ❖ Developing competence is uneven and nonlinear, as is the process of developing cultural competence. Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved Question #4 ❖ Which of the following is an example of verbal communication? A. Avoiding eye contact B. Nodding to convey understanding C. Speaking another language D. Arms folded and legs crossed Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved Answer to Question #4 ❖ C. Speaking another language ❖ Rationale: Speaking another language is a verbal communication method. This is an example of the spoken word versus nonverbal communication, which is conveying meaning without words. Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved ..