NYU Week 4 Tobacco Control Campaign Discussion

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IMPORTANT NOTE REGARDING WORD LIMIT REQUIREMENTS:

Please note that each and every assignment has its own word limit.

 

Mass media tobacco control campaigns can reach large numbers of people. Much of the literature is focused on the effects of tobacco control advertising on young people. Still, there are also several evaluations of campaigns targeting adult smokers, which show mixed results. Campaigns may be local, regional, or national, and may be combined with other components of a comprehensive tobacco control policy.

There is evidence that comprehensive tobacco control programs, which include mass media campaigns, can be useful in changing smoking behavior in adults. Still, the evidence comes from a heterogeneous group of studies of variable methodological quality. One state‐wide tobacco control program (Massachusetts) showed positive results up to eight years after the campaign. Another (California) showed positive results during the period of adequate funding and implementation and in final evaluation since the beginning of the program. Six of nine studies carried out in communities or regions showed some positive effects on smoking behavior and at least one significant change in smoking prevalence (Sydney). The intensity and duration of mass media campaigns may influence effectiveness, but the length of follow‐up and contemporary secular trends and events can make this difficult to quantify. No consistent relationship was observed between campaign effectiveness and age, education, ethnicity, or gender (Bala et al, 2017).

The trans-theoretical model (TTM) regarding behavioral change can be used to explain the process of change that smokers go through to succeed in quitting smoking. Such modeling has been widely used to investigate change-positive behaviors. According to the TTM, a smoker goes through pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance stages when quitting smoking. A critical factor in attaining these stages of behavioral change is the smoker’s intention to quit smoking. This is because the TTM is a winding process with the capacity for repeated entrance and regression rather than a process with unidirectional progression. Among the TTM constructs, the intention to quit smoking before quitting has been suggested to be a predictor of whether the smoker will participate in a smoking cessation program, attempt to quit smoking, and succeed in quitting. Therefore, when developing various quitting-smoking programs, developed countries have conducted studies on socio-demographic and smoking-related factors that affect participants’ intentions, attempts, and successes when quitting smoking.

The availability of social capital or a smartphone can affect the intention to quit smoking, indicates that smoking behavior can be changed through social relationships. As smokers’ exposure to health information through social networks or digital devices increases, they have an increased chance of adopting healthy behaviors. Thus, as more friends and acquaintances of smokers stop smoking, smokers have a more significant opportunity to stop smoking. Social relationships have a strong influence on substance use, and it is well documented that smokers tend to form social relationships with other smokers. Besides, smoking behaviors are significantly associated with socio-economic indicators; for example, it is more challenging to encourage smokers in a low-income bracket to quit smoking than to encourage high-income bracket smokers to quit. However, smoker’s beliefs and attitudes towards specific health issues can be changed through their exposure to mass media. The results of this study suggest a benefit in establishing a smoking control policy that would supply social network services at an interpersonal level (Jung, 2016).

 

 

 

Reference

Bala, M. M., Strzeszynski, L., & Topor-Madry, R. (2017). Mass media interventions for smoking cessation in adults. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 11(11), CD004704. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD004704.pub4

Jung, M. (2016). Exploring socio-contextual factors associated with male smoker’s intention to quit smoking. BMC Public Health. 16. pp 398. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-016-3054-5

 

 

 

 

Respond to the bold paragraph ABOVE by using one of the option below… in APA format with At least two references and a minimum of 200 words….. .(The List of References should not be older than 2016 and should not be included in the word count.) Include at least one scholarly reference and appropriate in-text citations and Address all points on the DQ. One point will be deducted for not addressing each item mentioned above. Remember that presenting someone else’s work as your own is plagiarism.

 

 

 

 

  • Ask a probing question.
  • Share an insight from having read your colleague’s posting.
  • Offer and support an opinion.

 

 

 

  • Validate an idea with your own experience.
  • Make a suggestion.
  • Expand on your colleague’s posting.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Be sure to support your postings and responses with specific references to the Learning Resources.

It is important that you cover all the topics identified in the assignment. Covering the topic does not mean mentioning the topic BUT presenting an explanation from the context of ethics and the readings for this class

 

To get maximum points you need to follow the requirements listed for this assignments 1) look at the word/page limits 2) review and follow APA rules 3) create subheadings to identify the key sections you are presenting and 4) Free from typographical and sentence construction errors.

REMEMBER IN APA FORMAT JOURNAL TITLES AND VOLUME NUMBERS ARE ITALICIZED.