SCI 110 Midterm Week 6 Solutions
SCI 110 Midterm Week 6 Solutions
Name: _______________________________________ Date: _________________________
1. Which of the following is not considered a major physical science:
| a. | Physics | |
| b. | Astronomy | |
| c. | Geology | |
| d. | Biology | |
| e. | Meteorology |
2. The word science comes from the Latin word meaning
3. True or False: The most information about our environment comes to us through the sense of touch.
4. A quantitative observation that is the basis of scientific investigation is a(n)
| a. | experiment. | |
| b. | measurement. | |
| c. | explanation. | |
| d. | number. |
5. A scientific law describes
| a. | the scientific method. | |
| b. | a fundamental relationship of nature. | |
| c. | the behavior of nature. | |
| d. | an experiment. |
6. In a one or two sentence, explain what is the difference between a hypothesis and a theory.
7. A standard unit
| a. | is the same in all systems of units. | |
| b. | may not be fixed in value. | |
| c. | is found only in the British system. | |
| d. | is used for taking accurate measurements. | |
| e. | is found only in the metric system. |
8. The standard unit of time is the
| a. | hour. | |
| b. | day. | |
| c. | second. | |
| d. | minute. |
9. Which has a larger volume, a liter of water or a liter of mercury (a liquid metal)?
| a. | water | |
| b. | mercury | |
| c. | none of these |
10. Density describes
| a. | mass per unit volume. | |
| b. | length per unit time. | |
| c. | volume per liter. | |
| d. | weight per mass. |
11. The natural sciences are divided into ______________ sciences and biological sciences.
12. A(n) ______________ is a tested explanation of a broad segment of basic natural phenomena.
13. A proposed concept or model of nature is tested using the ______________.
14. The three fundamental quantities studied in Chapter 1 are length, mass, and ______________.
15. Motion necessarily involves
| a. | a change in velocity. | |
| b. | a change in speed. | |
| c. | a change in direction. | |
| d. | a change in position. | |
| e. | all of these |
16. If an object moves with constant velocity,
| a. | its speed is constant. | |
| b. | its direction is constant. | |
| c. | its average speed is constant. | |
| d. | its distance traveled per unit time is constant. | |
| e. | all of these |
17. A freely falling object
| a. | has a uniformly increasing velocity. | |
| b. | is unaffected by gravity. | |
| c. | has a uniformly increasing acceleration. | |
| d. | has a uniformly increasing displacement. |
18. A continuous change in position is called ______________.
| 19. Dropped objects on the Moon fall at a slower rate than on Earth because of a smaller ______________.
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20. A ball dropped from the top of a building hits the ground 9.0 s later. How high is the building (in meters)?
21. The essentials of the first law of motion were initially developed by
| a. | Aristotle. | |
| b. | Galileo. | |
| c. | Newton. | |
| d. | an unknown scientist. |
22. The natural tendency of an object to remain at rest or in motion with a constant velocity is called
| a. | an external force. | |
| b. | an unbalanced force. | |
| c. | inertia. | |
| d. | none of these. |
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23. A mass is accelerated when ______________ acts upon the mass.
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24. When you push on a stationary object on a horizontal surface and it doesn’t move, what kind of force is most likely opposing your efforts?
| a. | Static friction force | |
| b. | Sliding friction force | |
| c. | Lubricant friction force | |
| d. | Gravitational force | |
| e. | Normal Force |
25. It is generally easier to push an object once it is moving than when you are getting it started. This is because
| a. | sliding friction is zero. | |
| b. | sliding friction is less than static friction. | |
| c. | static friction is less than sliding friction. | |
| d. | static friction is zero. |
26. The buoyant force of an object is equal to the ______________ of the ______________ it displaces.
| a. | mass; fluid | |
| b. | weight; fluid | |
| c. | mass; solid | |
| d. | weight; solid |
27. Which of the following would be the same for a person on the Moon rather than on Earth?
| a. | Maximum jumping height | |
| b. | Weight | |
| c. | The amount of time for an object to fall 2 meters from rest | |
| d. | Mass | |
| e. | Gravitational acceleration |
28. Newton’s third law of motion states that the force pair acting on different objects consists of two forces that
| a. | are under the influence of gravity. | |
| b. | are equal and in the same direction. | |
| c. | always produce an acceleration. | |
| d. | are equal and in opposite directions. |
29. According to Newton’s second law, the force required to accelerate an object is equal to
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30. The total linear momentum of an isolated system of masses remains the same if there are no external ______________ acting on the system.
| a. | forces | |
| b. | torques | |
| c. | unbalanced forces | |
| d. | unbalanced torques |
31. A change in motion requires a(n) ______________.
32. Work is defined as force times
| a. | distance. | |
| b. | time. | |
| c. | parallel distance. | |
| d. | perpendicular distance. |
33. The quantity
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34. An object has kinetic energy of 324 J. If its speed is 9 m/s, what is its mass?
| a. | 8 | |
| b. | 36 | |
| c. | 1620 | |
| d. | 324 |
35. The kinetic energy of a pendulum is greatest
| a. | when its potential energy is greatest. | |
| b. | at the top of its swing. | |
| c. | at the bottom of its swing. | |
| d. | when its total energy is greatest. |
36. The potential energy of a pendulum is least
| a. | when its potential energy is greatest. | |
| b. | at the top of its swing. | |
| c. | at the bottom of its swing. | |
| d. | when its total energy is greatest. |
37. Which of the following four objects has the greatest kinetic energy?
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38. The energy of position is called
| a. | potential energy. | |
| b. | power. | |
| c. | kinetic energy. | |
| d. | heat. |
39. Power is
| a. | work divided by time. | |
| b. | velocity multiplied by time. | |
| c. | momentum divided by time. | |
| d. | energy multiplied by time. |
40. Currently, in the United States, which fuel has the largest consumption?
| a. | Oil | |
| b. | Natural gas | |
| c. | Coal | |
| d. | Nuclear |
41. Energy provided directly from Earth’s interior is called
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| 42. The product of force times parallel distance is called ______________.
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43. Energy resulting from motion is called ______________.
44. A temperature of degrees 250 Celsius is equivalent to _____ degrees Fahrenheit.
| a. | –9.4 | |
| b. | 482.0 | |
| c. | 121.1 | |
| d. | –23.0 |
45. Heat transfer that involves mass movement is
| a. | temperature. | |
| b. | conduction. | |
| c. | convection. | |
| d. | radiation. |
46. The number of molecules in a container is quadrupled and the Kelvin temperature quadrupled. The volume remains unchanged. The new pressure will be how many times greater than the original pressure?
| a. | 16 | |
| b. | 1 | |
| c. | 20 | |
| d. | 32 |
47. When a material is found to have a definite volume but no definite shape, and when it assumes the shape of the container in which it is placed, what is the phase of the material?
| a. | Gas | |
| b. | Liquid | |
| c. | Plasma | |
| d. | Solid |
48. When a material is found to have no definite volume and no definite shape, what is the phase of the material?
| a. | Gas | |
| b. | Liquid | |
| c. | Plasma | |
| d. | Solid |
49. The Fahrenheit scale has a ______________ degree size than the Celsius scale.
50. On bare feet, a tile floor feels colder than a rug because the tile has a greater ______________.
51. If the volume and the number of molecules remain constant for a gas, a temperature increase causes the pressure to ______________.
| 52. The first law of thermodynamics states that heat added to a closed system can change the internal energy of the system and/or do ______________.
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53. Which of the following characterize(s) a wave?
| a. | Wavelength | |
| b. | Amplitude | |
| c. | Period | |
| d. | All of these |
54. Wave amplitude is related to
| a. | wave velocity. | |
| b. | frequency. | |
| c. | energy. | |
| d. | wavelength. |
55. Which of the following radiations has the longest wavelength?
| a. | Infrared | |
| b. | Visible | |
| c. | Ultraviolet | |
| d. | X-rays |
56. Which of the following radiations has the greatest frequency?
| a. | Infrared | |
| b. | Visible | |
| c. | Ultraviolet | |
| d. | X-rays |
57. Electromagnetic waves are
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58. Light waves travel fastest in
| a. | water. | |
| b. | glass. | |
| c. | a vacuum. | |
| d. | air. | |
| e. | none of these; they travel at the same speed in all these media. |
59. The region of the electromagnetic spectrum with frequencies just less than those in the visible region is the ______________ region.
| a. | infrared | |
| b. | gamma rays | |
| c. | radio waves | |
| d. | microwaves | |
| e. | x-rays |
60. Sound is a(n)
| a. | longitudinal wave. | |
| b. | electromagnetic wave. | |
| c. | transverse wave. | |
| d. | standing wave. |
61. Which of the following sound frequencies lie(s) outside the audible range?
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62. A wave is a propagation of ______________.
63. The loudness of a sound wave is determined by its ______________.
64. When a system is being driven at a natural frequency, it is said to be driven in ______________.
