thermodynamics hw question 3

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Question:

a)

Of importance in the metabolic pathway is the reaction between pyruvate and NADH to form lactate and NAD+ in accordance with the following reaction, Reaction 1. pyruvate + NADH + H + => lactate + NAD+ a. Based on the reduction half-cell potentials provided in Table 7.1 and the data in the figure below, which were obtained at 1 bar, estimate the enthalpy of the reaction as at 310 K and pH=7.

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b)

At the following cellular concentrations, [NAD+ ]=0.2 mM, [NADH]=0.08 mM, [lactate]=0.5 M, and [pyruvate]=0.004 M, what is the minimum pH for Reaction 1 to proceed spontaneously?