week 15 reply

PLEASE REPLY TO THE FOLLOWING TWO POST 100 WORDS ONE REFERENCE EACH

#1 Lidislay Gonzalez

Role of Nurses in Improving Judicious Policies

Nursing organizations and nurses play essential roles in improving policies aiming towards the judicious use of antibiotics in human beings. Many reports have revealed that microbial resistance is one of the most critical issues that public health is battling right now. Resistance usually occurs after the mutations of a microorganism after exposure to microbial viruses and drugs. On many occasions, it strongly affects the health of human beings because resistant human beings increase the spread of infectious disease (Abbas & Stevens, 2018). For that matter, W.H.O has recommended that nurses should take the lead in improving the policies that encourage judicious use of antibiotics in humans. For that matter, nurses can assist by practical contributions through ensuring the appropriate prescription of antibiotics. The approach that nurses can use to promote the judicious use of antibiotics is through monitoring antimicrobial as a way to preserve the effectiveness of antibiotics. Nurses also administer antibiotics directly to patients; therefore, they can obtain first-hand feedback.

There are many ways through which global and domestic surveillance correlate. Both entail detection, tracking, response, and assessment of health events. However, domestic surveillance involves data collection, data analysis, and data interpretation from households and global disease surveillance, public health, and countries across the world combine efforts to ensure capacity building, thus enhancement of preparedness for a global health emergency (Olans, Hausman & Olans, 2020).

Earlier detection of a disease ensures early interventions that limit the infection from re-occurring. This also global health risks. Family nurse practitioners can make long-lasting relations with patients. Family nurse practitioners empower patients in making positive health decisions and, at the same time, influence them to embrace healthy lifestyle practices, thus preventing non-communicable infections like diabetes. These nurses also ensure that surveillance cover community which is at higher risk of contracting the disease.

References

Abbas, S., & Stevens, M. P. (2018). The role of the hospital epidemiologist in antibiotic stewardship. Medical Clinics, 102(5), 873-882.

Olans, R. D., Hausman, N. B., & Olans, R. N. (2020). Nurses and Antimicrobial Stewardship: Past, Present, and Future. Infectious Disease Clinics, 34(1), 67-82.

#2 Patricia Lopez Fernandez RN, BSN.

An essential participant in antimicrobial stewardship who has been unrecognized and underutilized is the “staff nurse.” Although the role of staff nurses has not formally been recognized in guidelines for implementing and operating antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) or defined in the medical literature, they have always performed numerous functions that are integral to successful antimicrobial stewardship.

Nurses are antibiotic first responders, central communicators, coordinators of care, as well as 24-hour monitors of patient status, safety, and response to antibiotic therapy. An operational analysis of inpatient admissions evaluates these nursing stewardship activities and analyzes the potential benefits of nurses’ formal education about, and inclusion into, ASPs. The major currently recognized stakeholders in ASPs include pharmacy, infectious diseases, infection prevention, and microbiology professionals, with administrative (including financial and regulatory) support. The sector currently absent from the formal organizational chart is nursing.

Global public health surveillance is critical for the identification and prevention of emerging and reemerging diseases, both for infectious and noncommunicable diseases that account for the greatest burden of diseases, even in very poor countries. Domestic disease surveillance is the control of the identification inside the country. Both should provide health information in a timely manner so that countries have the information that they need to fight epidemics now or to plan for the future. Several public health problems have been addressed effectively by the development and maintenance of surveillance systems. One example is smallpox, which was eradicated through a switch in strategy from mass vaccination to surveillance with rapid response. In the poliomyelitis eradication campaign, the world is covered effectively by an integrated surveillance system that channels specimens rapidly to genotyping within days to weeks.

The public health nurse roles and responsibilities to eliminate health inequalities and achieve equity are delineated in a Position Paper that focuses on the importance of awareness of self and others; trust as a foundation of every human relationship; and humility in acknowledging what is not known about diverse cultures and populations. Many defined roles and responsibilities for public health nurses also apply to nurses in other specialties and settings. Additionally, nurses must recognize and understand the impact of social determinants of health on population outcomes, including genetics; social and physical environments; socioeconomic status; biologic and behavioral responses; access to care; availability of food and transportation; and others. Poverty, inequality, and social determinants of health not only contribute to global health issues but can also adversely impact morbidity, mortality, and health outcomes.

References

Thacker SB, Berkelman RL. (2008). Public health surveillance in the United States. Epidemiol

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2001). Updated guidelines for evaluating public health surveillance systems: recommendations from the guidelines working group.

McCain Institute. (2016). Humanitarian action mission. Retrieved from: https://www.mccaininstitute.org/programs/humanitar…

American Nurses Association (N.D.) Emerging infectious diseases. Silver Spring, MD: Author. Retrieved from: http://www.nursingworld.org/MainMenuCategories/Wor…