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RES 351 Week 4 DQ 2 What special problems do open-ended questions have? How can these be minimized? In what situations are open-ended questions most useful? …….

FastFit is a local gym. FastFit is looking to develop a system that would provide online booking for customers to book into various fitness workshops that the gym provides.

Currently, Gym has got many weekly workshops like “Zumba”, “Pilates”, “Yoga ”etc. Every class has a day(s) of the week that it runs, Start time, End time and Rates (Per class price and Pre-Pay 10 class pass price). Currently FastFit caps the size of every lesson to 20 people maximum per session.

FastFit has considered developing a simple website for an online booking System with the capability to enable Customers access from their mobile devices and to book a lesson or pre-pay for 10 classes to get a pass that is valid for 6 months after the date of purchase. The system should allow them to buy up to 9 individual lessons and a maximum of 2 pre-pay pass per customer.

At the time of their first booking, Customers should be able to enter their details with their address into an online form, along with their credit card details. However, Customers can also have an account with FastFit and for any subsequent bookings, they can log in to their own account and make a booking for Lesson(s).

Assume you have been assigned to design and develop the system for FastFit. You are given three weeks to come up with a blueprint of the system design and present the design to a team of consultants.

The online booking System should be able to perform a number of activities such as adding or creating a new customer, checking for available classes requested by the customer, Providing them other days and times if the same class run for any other day or time, receipt and processing all bookings transactions. You may add any other possible functions that you deem necessary for this system to function in this business case.

Task

You are required to design a system that can perform the above activities and maintain a database containing data relevant to those activities. Carry out “process modelling” and “data modelling” to achieve this purpose.

Your tasks in this project include: –

Provide a justification of why this system needs to be developed and ensure that you are

professionally convincing to senior management.

Provide a description of the business case and justification about the business benefits from implementing this system.

 

Australian Institute of Higher Education

CRICOS Provider Code: 03147A

Level 3 & 4 545 Kent Street Sydney NSW 2000 Australia

T: +612 9020 8050 W: www.aih.nsw.edu.au

 

 

Describe the project scope and provide a brief cost and schedule analysis.

Identify the major functions in the system that will be required in order to meet the business

needs.

Conduct the TCO of this system in Excel; add your full name and student ID in Excel in row 1. Embed the TCO part from Excel into the Word document, which is your assignment file. Ask the

teacher to show you how to embed this if you are not sure.

Develop data flow diagram ( Context Diagram and DFD level 0 and with at least 2 different

processes).

Prepare entity relationship diagram , to model the data requirement relevant to this system. Create 3 screen interfaces a (main menu, an input screen and the monthly sales report) that

will be used in the system designed by your group.

The marking will be based on the design; it is not necessary to implement the system.

Referencing and Plagiarism

It is essential to use IN TEXT referencing. If you are using the exact words from a reference then you must use quotation marks.

Use Harvard style, which is more verbose. http://www.citethisforme.com/harvard- HYPERLINK “http://www.citethisforme.com/harvard-referencing” referencing .

Remember that this is a Turnitin assignment and plagiarism will be subject to severe penalties. Please refer to the AIH Academic Misconduct Policy: http://www.aih.nsw.edu.au/content/1-home/8-more-info-tabs/3-official- HYPERLINK “http://www.aih.nsw.edu.au/content/1-home/8-more-info-tabs/3-official-policies/academic-misconduct-policy.pdf” policies/academic-misconduct-policy.pdf

Detailed Submission Requirements

Before submission, you ensure the submitted work satisfies the following requirements:

Submit as a PDF or MS Word file through the Turnitin assignment submission tool on Moodle.

Include a cover sheet that has your name, subject, date, report title.

Australian Institute of Higher Education

CRICOS Provider Code: 03147A

Level 3 & 4 545 Kent Street Sydney NSW 2000 Australia

T: +612 9020 8050 W: www.aih.nsw.edu.au

Marking Criteria Items Description:

Items

Description

Marks

1.

Clear business case and

at least 4 main business benefits in points form

2

justification

 

 

2.

Project scope statement

Clear and measurable scope statement

1

3.

Cost and schedule

Brief cost and schedule analysis done in Excel then copied

3

 

 

to the Word document (assignment doc)

 

4. TCO clear and complete

Correct, clear and complete list of TCO items ID + Name

3

 

 

inserted before embedding into the Word document

 

5.

Data Flow Diagrams

Correct use of symbols, eliminate all common errors and

3

 

 

reflect logical analysis of the system

 

6.

ER-Diagram

Correctly show the relationships between essential

3

 

 

entities, indicate attributes for each entity and identify

 

 

 

primary keys

 

7.

Screen Interfaces

Conform to the guidelines for designing forms and reports,

3

 

 

headings, meaningful content, appealing and business-like

 

8.

Document Presentation

Clear structure and format, contains table of content, title

2

 

 

page, good grammar and free of spelling and proofreading

 

 

 

errors, work is original and shows understanding of the

 

 

 

system design concepts, etc.

 

 

 

Total

20

Australian Institute of Higher Education

CRICOS Provider Code: 03147A

Level 3 & 4 545 Kent Street Sydney NSW 2000 Australia

T: +612 9020 8050 W: www.aih.nsw.edu.au

You are about to buy a car. Using Simon’s four-phase model, describe your activities at each step.View Solution:
You are about to buy a car Using Simon s four phase

One in eight women in the United States faces the prospect of breast cancer. After lung cancer, it is the second-leading cause of death from cancer in U. S. women. Breast cancer can occur in males but is rare. In females, breast cancer is seldom seen before age 30; its incidence rises rapidly after menopause. An estimated 5% of the 180,000 cases diagnosed each year with the help of new imaging technologies in United States, particularly those that arise in younger women, stem from inherited two genetic mutations.

Cancer may be difficult to detect, but for some types of cancer, the earlier it is detected, the better are the chances of treating it effectively. Imaging techniques – methods of producing pictures of the body – have become an important element of early detection for many cancers. But imaging is not simply used for detection. Imaging is also important for determining the stage (telling how advanced the cancer is) and the precise locations of cancer to aid in directing surgery and other cancer treatments, or to check if a cancer has returned.

Diffuse Optical Imaging (DOI) What is it? Many materials are visually opaque because photons traveling within them are predominantly scattered rather than absorbed. Some common examples of these highly scattering media include white paint, foam, mayonnaise, and human tissue. Indeed, anyone who has held a flashlight up to his or her hand will notice some of this light is transmitted, you can clearly see that light can travel through centimeters of tissue and still be detected.

Can this light be used to “see,” or image, inside the body? Recent advances in our understanding of light migration through tissue, the resulting development of tomography algorithms and subsequent experimental verification in phantom systems have shown that imaging with diffuse light – diffuse optical imaging (DOI) – is in fact possible. Diffuse optical imaging (DOI) or diffuse optical tomography (DOT) is a medical imaging modality that uses Near Infrared (Near-IR) light to generate images of the body (NCBI).

Typical applications include rapid 2D optical topographic imaging of the evoked response following brain activity and tomographic reconstruction of an entire 3D volume of tissue to diagnose breast cancer or neonatal brain hemorrhage. Near-IR was first applied to breast diaphanography more than 70 years ago but quantitative optical methods employing time- or frequency-domain ‘photon migration’ technologies have only recently been used for breast imaging.

Because their performance is not limited by mammographic density, optical methods can provide new insight regarding tissue functional changes associated with the appearance, progression, and treatment of breast cancer, particularly for younger women and high-risk subjects who may not benefit from conventional imaging methods. Near-IR radiation enables visualization of the oxygen state of hemoglobin as well as the amount of blood flowing through muscle, brain, and breast tissue, according to optical-imaging pioneer Britton Chance, currently an emeritus faculty member at the University of Pennsylvania.

“Blood is our main signal,” he said. “There are other signals, like water and lipid, that are not really functional. This is functional near-IR imaging, however, because the blood responds to function. ” Optical methods for imaging blood flow include speckle imaging. The future of cancer detection, however, lies in molecular beacons and it will revolutionize the detection of cancer. The main molecule, a tricarbo cyanine that fluoresces in the near-IR, is attached to a peptide, which seeks out the genetic expression in a tumor.

The entire structure is injected into the body and returns a fluorescent signal when tumors are found (Jones-Bey). Its key advantages over other imaging techniques such as functional magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, electroencephalography, and magneto encephalography are that it’s portable and non-invasive. What does it measure? The diffuse optical imaging technique measures the optical absorption of hemoglobin, and relies on the absorption spectrum of hemoglobin varying with its oxygenation status. Several groups are currently exploring the potential of DOI for optical breast imaging (Cheng, 118).

Here, the technique can reveal changes in blood volume and oxygen saturation that are specific for early stages of cancer. Because it focuses on these functional changes, DOI can, in theory, identify cancers before they are structurally evident (i. e. , visible on X-ray or discernable by palpation). Clinical results are shown highlighting the sensitivity of diffuse optics to malignant breast tumors in 12 pre-menopausal subjects ranging in age from 30 to 39 years and a patient undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced breast cancer.

Significant contrast was observed between normal and tumor regions of tissue for deoxy-hemoglobin (p = 0. 005), oxy-hemoglobin (p = 0. 002), water (p = 0. 014), and lipids (p = 0. 0003). Tissue hemoglobin saturation was not found to be a reliable parameter for distinguishing between tumor and normal tissues. Optical data were converted into a tissue optical index that decreased 50% within 1 week in response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCBI). These results suggest a potential role for diffuse optics as a bedside monitoring tool that could aid the development of new strategies for individualized patient care.

In the brain, for example, it can detect and localize important events such as ischemic/hemorrhagic stroke or hyper-/hypoxia. In addition, it can detect and localize vascular responses to brain activation. Because a tight coupling exists between vascular and metabolic responses, these measurements can reveal much about the latter, and may even provide some clues as to the underlying neural responses. How does it help our society? Diffuse Optical Imaging, by itself, is not a treatment but can help in making better decisions about treatments.

The same imaging technique can help doctors find cancer, tell how far a cancer has spread, guide delivery of specific treatments, or find out if a treatment is working. Screening for cancer: Imaging can be used to determine if a person has any suspicious areas or abnormalities that might be cancerous. Diffuse Optical Imaging or Diffuse Optical Tomography, Mammograms are an examples of a familiar imaging tool used to screen for breast cancer. Screening for cancer is usually recommended for people who are at increased risk (due to their family history, lifestyle, or age) for developing a particular type of cancer.

Diagnosis/staging: DOI/DOT can be used to find out where a cancer is located in the body, if it has spread, and how much is present. Used in this way, imaging can help determine what stage (how advanced) the cancer is, and if the cancer is in, around, or near important organs and blood vessels. If a biopsy (taking a small amount of the tumor for laboratory examination) is necessary, imaging may be used to help guide doctors to the tumor and take a sample of it. Guiding cancer treatments: DOI/DOT can be used to make cancer treatments less invasive by narrowly focusing treatments on the tumors.

For instance, ultrasound, MRI, or CT scans may be used to determine exact tumor locations so that therapy procedures can be focused on the tumor, minimizing damage to surrounding tissue. Determining if a treatment is working: It can be used to see if a tumor is shrinking or if the tumor has changed and is using less of the body’s resources than before treatment. For example, in some current cancer treatment trials, X-rays, MRIs, and CT scans are done at intervals to see if a treatment is working and the tumor is shrinking. PET and other nuclear medicine techniques are used to monitor the ways the tumor uses the body’s resources.

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy is used to study chemical changes in the tumor. Monitoring for cancer recurrence: DOI/DOT can be used to observe if previously treated cancer has reoccurred, or spreading to other locations. The field of diffuse optical imaging has made significant advances since the two reviews of ‘optical imaging in medicine’ were published in Physics in Medicine and Biology in 1997 (Gibson). Imaging systems have become faster, more robust, less susceptible to error, and able to acquire data with more sources – detector combinations and at more wavelengths.

Images are now routinely reconstructed in 3D, using more sophisticated techniques that can be adapted to the clinical situation by incorporating prior information and by compensating for some of the unavoidable sources of measurement error. The greatest recent progress has probably been in the demonstration of clinical applications: many hundreds of optical breast and brain examinations have now been carried out worldwide.

References Chance B. , Anday E. , Nioka S. et al. , Optics Express. 1998. Cheng, X. and Boas, D. Optics Express: Diffuse optical reflection tomography using continuous wave illumination.Optical Society of America. 03 August 1998. Vol. 3, Issue 3, pp. 118-123 Gibson, J C. Recent Advances In Diffuse Optical Imaging. 2005. London, UK. 22 Nov. 2006. Jones-Bey, H. Optical imaging offers new biological insight. 2004. Laser Focus World. 22 Nov 2006. http://lfw. pennnet. com/Articles/Article_Display. cfm?

Section=ARTCL&ARTICLE_ID=201664&VERSION_NUM=1 NCBI. Breast Cancer. 2005. Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA. 21 Nov. 2006 http://www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/entrez/query. fcgi? db=pubmed&list_uids=16457705&cmd=Retrieve&indexed=google.