SCI 110 Midterm Week 6 Solutions
Name: _______________________________________ Date: _________________________
1. Which of the following is not considered a major physical science:
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a. |
Physics |
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b. |
Astronomy |
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c. |
Geology |
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d. |
Biology |
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e. |
Meteorology |
2. The word science comes from the Latin word meaning
3. True or False: The most information about our environment comes to us through the sense of touch.
4. A quantitative observation that is the basis of scientific investigation is a(n)
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a. |
experiment. |
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b. |
measurement. |
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c. |
explanation. |
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d. |
number. |
5. A scientific law describes
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a. |
the scientific method. |
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b. |
a fundamental relationship of nature. |
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c. |
the behavior of nature. |
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d. |
an experiment. |
6. In a one or two sentence, explain what is the difference between a hypothesis and a theory.
7. A standard unit
| |
a. |
is the same in all systems of units. |
| |
b. |
may not be fixed in value. |
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c. |
is found only in the British system. |
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d. |
is used for taking accurate measurements. |
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e. |
is found only in the metric system. |
8. The standard unit of time is the
| |
a. |
hour. |
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b. |
day. |
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c. |
second. |
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d. |
minute. |
9. Which has a larger volume, a liter of water or a liter of mercury (a liquid metal)?
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a. |
water |
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b. |
mercury |
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c. |
none of these |
10. Density describes
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a. |
mass per unit volume. |
| |
b. |
length per unit time. |
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c. |
volume per liter. |
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d. |
weight per mass. |
11. The natural sciences are divided into ______________ sciences and biological sciences.
12. A(n) ______________ is a tested explanation of a broad segment of basic natural phenomena.
13. A proposed concept or model of nature is tested using the ______________.
14. The three fundamental quantities studied in Chapter 1 are length, mass, and ______________.
15. Motion necessarily involves
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a. |
a change in velocity. |
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b. |
a change in speed. |
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c. |
a change in direction. |
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d. |
a change in position. |
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e. |
all of these |
16. If an object moves with constant velocity,
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a. |
its speed is constant. |
| |
b. |
its direction is constant. |
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c. |
its average speed is constant. |
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d. |
its distance traveled per unit time is constant. |
| |
e. |
all of these |
17. A freely falling object
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a. |
has a uniformly increasing velocity. |
| |
b. |
is unaffected by gravity. |
| |
c. |
has a uniformly increasing acceleration. |
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d. |
has a uniformly increasing displacement. |
18. A continuous change in position is called ______________.
| 19. Dropped objects on the Moon fall at a slower rate than on Earth because of a smaller ______________.
|
20. A ball dropped from the top of a building hits the ground 9.0 s later. How high is the building (in meters)?
21. The essentials of the first law of motion were initially developed by
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a. |
Aristotle. |
| |
b. |
Galileo. |
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c. |
Newton. |
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d. |
an unknown scientist. |
22. The natural tendency of an object to remain at rest or in motion with a constant velocity is called
| |
a. |
an external force. |
| |
b. |
an unbalanced force. |
| |
c. |
inertia. |
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d. |
none of these. |
|
23. A mass is accelerated when ______________ acts upon the mass.
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a. |
a balanced force |
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b. |
any force |
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c. |
no force |
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d. |
an unbalanced force |
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e. |
none of these |
|
24. When you push on a stationary object on a horizontal surface and it doesn’t move, what kind of force is most likely opposing your efforts?
| |
a. |
Static friction force |
| |
b. |
Sliding friction force |
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c. |
Lubricant friction force |
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d. |
Gravitational force |
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e. |
Normal Force |
25. It is generally easier to push an object once it is moving than when you are getting it started. This is because
| |
a. |
sliding friction is zero. |
| |
b. |
sliding friction is less than static friction. |
| |
c. |
static friction is less than sliding friction. |
| |
d. |
static friction is zero. |
26. The buoyant force of an object is equal to the ______________ of the ______________ it displaces.
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a. |
mass; fluid |
| |
b. |
weight; fluid |
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c. |
mass; solid |
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d. |
weight; solid |
27. Which of the following would be the same for a person on the Moon rather than on Earth?
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a. |
Maximum jumping height |
| |
b. |
Weight |
| |
c. |
The amount of time for an object to fall 2 meters from rest |
| |
d. |
Mass |
| |
e. |
Gravitational acceleration |
28. Newton’s third law of motion states that the force pair acting on different objects consists of two forces that
| |
a. |
are under the influence of gravity. |
| |
b. |
are equal and in the same direction. |
| |
c. |
always produce an acceleration. |
| |
d. |
are equal and in opposite directions. |
29. According to Newton’s second law, the force required to accelerate an object is equal to
| |
a. |
its acceleration divided by its mass. |
| |
b. |
its mass times the acceleration. |
| |
c. |
its mass divided by the velocity. |
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d. |
its weight times the velocity. |
|
30. The total linear momentum of an isolated system of masses remains the same if there are no external ______________ acting on the system.
| |
a. |
forces |
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b. |
torques |
| |
c. |
unbalanced forces |
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d. |
unbalanced torques |
31. A change in motion requires a(n) ______________.
32. Work is defined as force times
| |
a. |
distance. |
| |
b. |
time. |
| |
c. |
parallel distance. |
| |
d. |
perpendicular distance. |
33. The quantity is known as
| |
a. |
kinetic energy. |
| |
b. |
potential energy. |
| |
c. |
work. |
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d. |
energy. |
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e. |
power. |
|
34. An object has kinetic energy of 324 J. If its speed is 9 m/s, what is its mass?
| |
a. |
8 |
| |
b. |
36 |
| |
c. |
1620 |
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d. |
324 |
35. The kinetic energy of a pendulum is greatest
| |
a. |
when its potential energy is greatest. |
| |
b. |
at the top of its swing. |
| |
c. |
at the bottom of its swing. |
| |
d. |
when its total energy is greatest. |
36. The potential energy of a pendulum is least
| |
a. |
when its potential energy is greatest. |
| |
b. |
at the top of its swing. |
| |
c. |
at the bottom of its swing. |
| |
d. |
when its total energy is greatest. |
37. Which of the following four objects has the greatest kinetic energy?
| |
a. |
An object of mass m moving with speed 4v |
| |
b. |
An object of mass 3m moving with speed 2v |
| |
c. |
An object of mass 4m moving with speed v |
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d. |
An object of mass 2m moving with speed 3v |
| |
e. |
None of these; all four objects have the same kinetic energy. |
|
38. The energy of position is called
| |
a. |
potential energy. |
| |
b. |
power. |
| |
c. |
kinetic energy. |
| |
d. |
heat. |
39. Power is
| |
a. |
work divided by time. |
| |
b. |
velocity multiplied by time. |
| |
c. |
momentum divided by time. |
| |
d. |
energy multiplied by time. |
40. Currently, in the United States, which fuel has the largest consumption?
| |
a. |
Oil |
| |
b. |
Natural gas |
| |
c. |
Coal |
| |
d. |
Nuclear |
41. Energy provided directly from Earth’s interior is called
| |
a. |
groundwater energy. |
| |
b. |
geothermal energy. |
| |
c. |
artesian energy. |
| |
d. |
thermionic energy. |
|
| 42. The product of force times parallel distance is called ______________.
|
43. Energy resulting from motion is called ______________.
44. A temperature of degrees 250 Celsius is equivalent to _____ degrees Fahrenheit.
| |
a. |
–9.4 |
| |
b. |
482.0 |
| |
c. |
121.1 |
| |
d. |
–23.0 |
45. Heat transfer that involves mass movement is
| |
a. |
temperature. |
| |
b. |
conduction. |
| |
c. |
convection. |
| |
d. |
radiation. |
46. The number of molecules in a container is quadrupled and the Kelvin temperature quadrupled. The volume remains unchanged. The new pressure will be how many times greater than the original pressure?
47. When a material is found to have a definite volume but no definite shape, and when it assumes the shape of the container in which it is placed, what is the phase of the material?
| |
a. |
Gas |
| |
b. |
Liquid |
| |
c. |
Plasma |
| |
d. |
Solid |
48. When a material is found to have no definite volume and no definite shape, what is the phase of the material?
| |
a. |
Gas |
| |
b. |
Liquid |
| |
c. |
Plasma |
| |
d. |
Solid |
49. The Fahrenheit scale has a ______________ degree size than the Celsius scale.
50. On bare feet, a tile floor feels colder than a rug because the tile has a greater ______________.
51. If the volume and the number of molecules remain constant for a gas, a temperature increase causes the pressure to ______________.
| 52. The first law of thermodynamics states that heat added to a closed system can change the internal energy of the system and/or do ______________.
|
53. Which of the following characterize(s) a wave?
| |
a. |
Wavelength |
| |
b. |
Amplitude |
| |
c. |
Period |
| |
d. |
All of these |
54. Wave amplitude is related to
| |
a. |
wave velocity. |
| |
b. |
frequency. |
| |
c. |
energy. |
| |
d. |
wavelength. |
55. Which of the following radiations has the longest wavelength?
| |
a. |
Infrared |
| |
b. |
Visible |
| |
c. |
Ultraviolet |
| |
d. |
X-rays |
56. Which of the following radiations has the greatest frequency?
| |
a. |
Infrared |
| |
b. |
Visible |
| |
c. |
Ultraviolet |
| |
d. |
X-rays |
57. Electromagnetic waves are
| |
a. |
longitudinal. |
| |
b. |
reverse. |
| |
c. |
transverse. |
| |
d. |
a combination of these. |
|
58. Light waves travel fastest in
| |
a. |
water. |
| |
b. |
glass. |
| |
c. |
a vacuum. |
| |
d. |
air. |
| |
e. |
none of these; they travel at the same speed in all these media. |
59. The region of the electromagnetic spectrum with frequencies just less than those in the visible region is the ______________ region.
| |
a. |
infrared |
| |
b. |
gamma rays |
| |
c. |
radio waves |
| |
d. |
microwaves |
| |
e. |
x-rays |
60. Sound is a(n)
| |
a. |
longitudinal wave. |
| |
b. |
electromagnetic wave. |
| |
c. |
transverse wave. |
| |
d. |
standing wave. |
61. Which of the following sound frequencies lie(s) outside the audible range?
| |
a. |
14 Hz |
| |
b. |
11 kHz |
| |
c. |
2700 Hz |
| |
d. |
All of these |
|
62. A wave is a propagation of ______________.
63. The loudness of a sound wave is determined by its ______________.
64. When a system is being driven at a natural frequency, it is said to be driven in ______________.