Must ethics match common sense? Physics does not; psychology does not; chemistry does not; astronomy does not. Must ethics?

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2. I find the idea of cannibalism repulsive. But is it a moral issue? Suppose that some small religious sect in this country included in their death rituals the eating of a small portion of flesh from the deceased and regarded that as a very important part of their religious practices and an important part of honoring their dead. Should such practices be legally prohibited? Would such practices be morally wrong?

3. Must ethics match common sense? Physics does not; psychology does not; chemistry does not; astronomy does not. Must ethics?

4. As was discussed in the opening chapter and discussion, one basic difference in ethical views is between transcendent ethical theories (ethical principles are fixed and absolute and universal) and contingent theories (ethics is simply part of our changing natural lives). Intuitionists (like Ross) are generally in the transcendent camp, while those (like Hume) who emphasize feelings usually favor contingent ethics. Does that basic difference in perspectives explain the difference between intuitionists and feelings theorists? That is, do intuitionists and feelings theorists have the same experience, but just interpret it differently?

5. Plato believed that if you genuinely know what is good, then you will do it; that is, all morally bad acts are the product of ignorance of moral truth. Some think that Plato’s claim is too strong, but still hold that if you know what is good, then that must involve at least some motive for doing what is good or pursuing the good; that is, they would say that you cannot consistently believe that it is good to help your friends when they are in distress and yet have no inclination whatsoever to aid your distressed friends. Does knowing what you ought to do, knowing what is right and good, necessarily supply some motivation for action? Can I genuinely believe that honesty is good and yet have no inclination toward honesty?

6. Kant formulates two versions of his categorical imperative, though he claims they are merely different formulations of the same principle. Would it be possible for someone to consistently hold the first imperative (always act in such a way that you could will that your act should be a universal law) but deny the second imperative (always treat others as ends in themselves, and never merely as means)?

7. Extraterrestrials arrive, and they are far superior to us in intellect—the most brilliant human thinkers would be regarded as severely mentally deficient among these profoundly rational ETs, and their reasoning processes are far beyond ours: their mediocre high school students offer mathematical insights that astonish and awe our most advanced mathematicians. It turns out that the ethical principles of these super-rational extraterrestrials are very different from ours; would a Kantian conclude that we ought to adopt their ethical system, even though we can’t really understand the reasoning process by which they developed that system?

8. One objection to utilitarian ethics is that it turns everything into an ethical issue: if I spend an evening at a baseball game, but would have derived more pleasure from going to a concert, then I have com-mitted a moral wrong. Nothing is exempt from moral evaluation. Is that a fair criticism?

9. You are trying to decide what you should do in a case: Say, should I purchase a term paper off the Internet and submit it as my own work? Would it be more helpful to think about that issue in terms of whether the act would be right or wrong, or in terms of whether this is contributing to development of the sort of character you approve of?

10. Would it ever be right to sacrifice your own virtue for the good of others?

11. I have lived a dissolute life for many years: a life devoted to excessive eating, heavy drinking, laziness, deceitfulness, and pettiness. At age 45, I awaken one morning in the gutter, painfully sober after a three-day binge, and I resolve to change my ways and pursue virtue. Could I become a virtuous person within an hour? A week? A month? A year? Ever

12. Which sort of world would you prefer? A world in which there is a clearly ordered ranking of values, without conflict, or a world in which values genuinely conflict, and no rank ordering is possible?

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In Haidt’s video, he suggests that nationalists are correct—increasing cultural similarities within a nation can promote progressive policies. Do you agree with this thinking? Why or why not?

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Reflection Discussion: Briefly address the following questions. Read the Twitter post and watch Haidt’s Ted Talk. For a little background, Cory Clark is joining Jonathan Haidt’s Heterodox Academy.https://heterodoxacademy.org/. Haidt is a morality psychologist and his position is that we need more political diversity and ideologies in academia. However, scientists have pushed back and said that some of the so-called conservative ideologies are grounded in nationalism and prejudice.

-In Haidt’s video, he suggests that nationalists are correct—increasing cultural similarities within a nation can promote progressive policies. Do you agree with this thinking? Why or why not?

Examining Three Models of Psychopathology

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Annie is a 13-year-old Asian American girl; the youngest child in a family of four older siblings. Her parents are both high school teachers and came to United States from India to attend college and stayed to raise a family together. They travel as a family to India several weeks of every year to be with extended family. Annie understands some phrases in the dialect spoken by her extended family, but she and her sisters consistently speak to their parents in English. When Annie was 5 years old, she was hospitalized for three weeks for a serious illness. Since that time, she has been in good health, but has struggled with her fears and anxiety.

Annie is extremely shy and avoids situations in which she needs to interact with new people or large groups. She worries about making mistakes in her schoolwork and becomes extremely anxious when taking tests. Sometimes, she becomes so nervous that her heart races; she begins to tremble and has difficulty breathing. Annie is also afraid of the dark and does not want to be alone in her room at night. She often requires the presence of one of her parents or older sisters until she falls asleep. As her oldest three sisters have left home to pursue their education and careers, the family is finding Annie’s need for reassurance more burdensome.

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Part I: Examining Three Models of Psychopathology

  • Review each of the three models of abnormality—biological, psychological, and sociocultural—and apply key principles from each model to frame what is happening to Annie and her family.
  • Analyze how each model explains the factors leading to Annie’s presenting behaviors.

Part II: Assessment Instruments to Aid in Diagnosis

Formulate a culturally sensitive assessment strategy using a combination of at least two measures listed below (and linked in Resources) to assist with the assessment of Annie and her family. Describe how the assessments will be administered and interpreted using scholarly sources to support the strategy.

  • DSM-5: Assessment Measures:
    • Parent/Guardian-Rated DSM-5 Level 1​ Cross Cutting Symptom Measure.
  • ​DSM-5: Cultural Formulation:
    • ​Cultural Formulation Interview.
  • Hamilton and Carr’s “Systematic Review of Self‐Report Family Assessment Measures.”

Part III: Systemic Perspective for Diagnosis

With an assessment strategy established:

  • Analyze how the DSM and ICD may augment guidance for working with families from a systemic perspective.
  • Describe the Z code or c

the usefulness of the polygraph-based evaluation

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Research Roundup

Initial ResponseFind a peer-reviewed journal article that relates to one of the topics below. Thoroughly read the article and provide a 400- to 500-word summary that supports your position on the topic. There is no right or wrong answer. Points will be earned for proper grammar, spelling, organization, length, citations, content of the knowledge, reasoning, and APA citation and referencing. The use of quotations is not allowed. Please upload a copy of your article with your post.

Response to PeersAfter you have made your initial post, please respond to one of your classmates who selected the alternate topic. Your response should either add to their summary or respectfully challenge their position based on information that you have found in a peer-reviewed journal article. Your reply post should consist of 300 to 400 words. The use of quotations is not allowed. Please upload a copy of your article with your reply post.

  • Topic 1 – the usefulness of the polygraph-based evaluation
  • Topic 2 – controversial interrogation techniques and the potential for false confessions: is this a practice that should be continued?

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)

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Discuss the following regulatory body:

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)

Discussin detail the following in separate paragraphs:

  1. Introduction to 2 – 6
  2. HIPPA (agency) background
  3. Authority
  4. Issues the agency investigates
  5. The effect this agency has on corporate culture
  6. Why it is important to be aware of this agency

Formataccording to APA guidelines.

References required (2 minimum).

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Child and Adolescent Psychology category.

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Response Guidelines:

  • What points do you agree or disagree with in your peers’ assessments of the issues?
  • What about their proposed resolutions?
  • What other connections do you see between their future career visions and the ethical principles, standards, and codes of conduct you reviewed?

Be sure to provide substantive responses to help your peers build on their learning. Reference any relevant assigned readings, additional resources, or professional literature to support your response.

(Peer post)

For this week’s discussion post, I reviewed Situation 2 below the Child and Adolescent Psychology category.

“Manny, a skinny and short 9-year-old, is very quiet in class, which is unusual. Mrs. Sykes notices a bruise on his arm and asks him about it. He says that he walked into a door. When she persists in asking questions, he asks her not to do anything, because he is afraid of what will happen to him. She agrees and lets it go.”

The ethical concern in this situation is that Mrs. Sykes did not find out more information about the bruises and did not report the injuries to child services. According to the American Psychology Association (2020) psychologists should be working to keep their clients safe, and in turn avoid harm. This responsibility is documented in section 3.04 (American Psychology Association, 2020). The bruises on Manny, as well as his fearful reaction indicate that he has been, and will likely continue to be in harm’s way. By not reporting this, Mrs. Sykes is keeping Manny in a harmful situation, which goes against the standards set by the American Psychology Association (2020). This situation is also unethical because when working in a school system, which appears to be the case for Mrs. Sykes, you are a mandated reporter. When a mandated reporter, it is required that you document and report any signs of harm and abuse. Therefore, Mrs. Sykes is required to call child services and report what she saw on Manny.

To resolve this unethical situation, Mrs. Sykes would need to call child services and report the bruises and his fearful demeanor. This ethical standard relates closely to my future career in psychology. Since it is a goal of mine to work in the school system, the idea of mandated reporting is very important for me to understand. The standard of keeping the clients out of harm’s way will also be applicable to my future career since it should always be my goal to keep my students away from any situations which would knowingly bring them harm. This situation was interesting to me because I have some similar past experiences from when I was working in a group home. My role there also required me to report any signs of harm or abuse, so I was curious how a psychologist’s role compared to my previous role.

References:

American Psychological Association. (2020). Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of

Conduct. Retrieved from https://www.apa.org/ethics/code/index

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an article in the mediaor a video clip that reportsthe results of a scientific study.

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t is important that you learn how to critically review research. In our society today, we are exposed to so much information and so many studies. Some of thisinformation is excellent, some is useful, and some is very, very bad. How can you determine what information is useful and what is dangerous? One way is to take a course like Critical Thinking; however, the facts that I give you will be outdated all too soon. The most important thing you will learn from this course—and from your college education—is how to critically evaluate information presented to you. Critical thinking involves asking five questions: who, what, when, where, how.

  1. Find and read an article in the mediaor a video clip that reportsthe results of a scientific study. You must include the link to the website.
  2. How accurately did the mass media report the study?
  3. Answer theabove five questions about thearticle (Who, What, When, Where, and How).Refer topage 353 of your text and be sure to cover all thehighlights discussed.
  4. Do NOT use entertainment or sports articles for your review. These are to be research based.

Directions:

You will write a one-page critical review of the article. The review should answer each of the five questions. You must cite your source. If it is a website, please make sure you put the entire web address. Remember you are evaluating critically, not just summarizing. See the examples below the grading rubric:

Week 4: Critical ReviewPoint ValueAdequately covers and answers the 5 questions, plus the summary section (10 points per section)60 pointsChooses a scholarly/researchable topic10 pointsUses the recommended number of scholarly resources correctly cited in APA format (at least four) 10 pointsMeets the required word minimum (150 words) and posts word count10pointsFollows APA formatting with parenthetical citations and referencing10pointsTotal:100points

CRITICAL THINKING REVIEW EXAMPLE:

Critical thinking involves asking five questions – who, when, what, where, how.

You should organize your paper in the following manner:

Your Name Critical Review

Author, I. (date of publication). Title of article. Name of Publication, volume #, page #-#.

OR

Author, I. (date of publication if available). Title of article. Retrieved [date accessed] from the World Wide Web: [Web site address]

Where: Where did this article/Web page appear? Is this reasonable? Is the publishing entity respectable/responsible?

Who: Who wrote/published the article/Web page? What are their credentials? Are the credentials appropriate for their argument?

When: Is this current information? If yes, do you think it will stand the “test of time”? If no, is it outdated or is it classic?

What: What argument is/are the author(s) making? Is it logical? Based on what you know, is it reasonable? What evidence is given to support the argument? Can you think of evidence to refute it?

How: How was the supporting/refuting evidence collected? Is this credible? What kind of evidence do you think needs to be gathered to test the argument? Did the author(s) do this?

Summarize the quality of the article (it does not have to be a “good” article in your opinion), and whether you consider this to be a worthwhile and trustworthy article. Did you think it was biased? Could the author have underlying motives? What do you think? Is it valid?

NOTE: Do not simply answer yes or no to the questions above. Write a thoughtful response to each section.

SAMPLE CRITICAL REVIEW:

main approaches to student plagiarism on many college campuses

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Studywhat your text has to say about plagiarism in the section: Misuse of the Internet: Pornographyand Plagiarism on page 351 and Internet Plagiarism Among College Students 355-359. Discuss the following questions from page 357 of your text:

1. What are the main approaches to student plagiarism on many college campuses?2. According to Blum, why do traditional methods of trying to prevent plagiarism often fail?3. How have our notions of originality in college writing changed since the 1960’s and 1970’s and why?4. What solution(s) does Blum offers for dealing with student plagiarism?

Describe your observations and impressions of the client. (Where appropriate, complete a Mini-Mental Health Status Exam of your client).

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Narrative Summary: Please address all of the following issues:

1. Describe your observations and impressions of the client. (Where appropriate, complete a Mini-Mental Health Status Exam of your client).

2. What is your view of the problem?

3. What are the common themes you noticed based on your theory (e.g., types of self-talk, behaviors, emotional states/qualities)?

4. What are the client’s barriers to growth and utilizing coping skills and effective life-strategies?

5. What are the strengths/assets (protective factors/signs of resilience)?

6. What is the etiology of the client’s present psychological capacity or incapacity?

7. What is your client trying to accomplish by various behaviors?

Client demonstrated the symptom of trauma, sleep problem, social skill, mood management, communication skills, and expression of feelings and needs

History of Presenting Problem: Recently and because of Black Life Matters. Depressed the way American people are treating black people like her.

Changes desired: Leave a good life and equal right

Comment on family circumstances: Not in good terms with mother. Feeling that the mother should defend her during childhood sexual abuse.

Have experienced in the past six months

· Decreased appetite

· Trouble concentrating

· Difficulty sleeping

· Low motivation

· Isolation from others

· Fatigue/low energy

· Low self-esteem

· Depressed mood

· Tearful or crying spells

· Anxiety

· Fear

· Hopelessness

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1.What would you do to raise your children to be well-adjusted physically and emotionally

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Raising children today is not easy. Their health is impaired by diet, lack of exercise, environmental toxins, and stress. They are subject to bullies in school, negative influences in the media, and they are pressured to grow up too fast. Technology has exposed children to so much more than they used to be exposed to. Given all of these impacts, discuss the factors that lead to raising healthy children.

1.What would you do to raise your children to be well-adjusted physically and emotionally?

2.How would you handle the attraction of technology in your household?

Support your discussion with readings from the textbook or other authoritative sources found via the College Library. Cite your sources (APA style).

Remember the criteria for the discussions:

  • Post Requirements
  • 200- 250 word original post