Mini Research Proposal

This written assignment for this week is based on the work conducted in the “Correlation and Regression Study” discussion forum from this week. Based on this initial work, feedback received, and additional research, you will submit a mini research proposal that calls for the use of correlation and regression analyses.

Please include the following in the research proposal: Introduction (1 paragraph) Present the research question of interest. Provide a basic description of what correlation and regression are. Explain how correlation and regression apply to this research question. Methods Participants (1 paragraph) List how many participants will be selected. Identify who will be the participants and their major demographic characteristics (e.g., sex, age, etc.). Explain how participants will be selected for the study. Procedures (1-2 paragraphs) Identify the variables in the study. Describe each variable’s scale of measurement (nominal, ordinal, interval, or ratio) and characteristics (i.e., discrete vs. continuous, qualitative vs. categorical, predictor vs. criterion, etc.). Provide an operational definition for each variable, explaining how the variables will be measured. Results (1-2 paragraphs) Describe the statistical tests that will be conducted. Be sure to include why each test was chosen and why it was appropriate for this study. Identify the information that will be obtained from the results of these tests and what will be needed to answer the research question. Discussion (1 paragraph) Identify any expected biases, assumptions, or faults with the proposed study and the use of the identified statistical tests. Explain what conclusions can and cannot be made for this study, when using these statistical tests. Describe the practical significance or importance of the results.

The paper should be APA formatted as a research proposal, and approximately 1000-1300 words of content, not including the title and reference pages. Include a title page, and a reference page that includes any resources utilized. Submit your paper by Day 7.

Point Value: 7 Points-

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 MY:Research Questions—-THAT YOU CAN USE  FOR THIS ASSIGNMENT

1. How does the employees’ motivation affect the organization Productivity?

In this research there are two main variables that is independent variable which in this case are the motivational factors to employees which include favorable working environment, compensation strategy, business culture and the management strategy. The dependent variable in this study is the organization productivity. The best effective scale for measuring these variables is ordinal scale basically because some variables have more impacts than the others.

2. What are the factors that affect the patient’s reaction to treatment?

The variables in these case include the type of medication, the lifestyle of the patient and the degree of the effect of the health condition has affected the patient. These variables have different effect on the patient’s reaction to treatment, the variables are categorical in nature. In this case the most effective measurement scale is the ordinal scale as well (Celli, Decramer, Wedzicha, Wilson, Agustí, Criner & Vogelmeier, 2015).

3. Does increase in gun ownership affect the crime level in the society?

This question has several variables that increase in criminal related deaths, criminal activities, assault cases. A rational scale level of measurement can be used in this research because of the nature of these variables. The variables depict some categorical characteristics they have different degrees of impact to the dependent variable in the question.

4. How does the school environment affect the student performance?

The security level in the school, the type of rules and the consequences of going against the rules and the level of strictness of the teacher in the school are the main variables in the research question. The rules and regulations is can be grouped into some category as well as the level of strictness of the teachers another subordinate staff, in this case the best scale of measurement to be used is the ordinal scale. The variables also have some categorical characteristics they are not numerical.

5. What is the probability that randomly selected teenager watches movie over three time in a week?

The possibility or the variables in this case is that the student watches three times, less, or even more in a week. In this case the main scales of measurement will be internal level, this is basically because they can be quantified but the decimal or rather the zero point is not relevant to the study or rather is meaningless (Pratt, 2015).

6. Is there any relationship between the traffic congestion and the price of fuel? 

The research questions in this has only one variable of interest which is the fuel prices which may or may not affect the traffic congestion. This is a question that is meant towards finding the if there is relationship between the variables in the study. The level of measurement in this case is therefore ordinal scale. The data in this case may have some continuous characteristics.

7. Is there any relationship between gender and student performance in statistics and science subjects?

The variables in this case will be the average performance of the students in the subjects of focus, they will be categorized according to their gender. These variables can actually be measured using the ratio level of measurements by some mathematical operations. In this case an average will be calculated of both genders performance on the subjects being studied. The data in this study will depict some continuous characteristics. 

8. How does the training frequency affect muscle growth for body builders?

The variables in this case are time, the intensity of training and the diet. These are the three basic factors that affect muscle growth. These variables can be measured using some interval level of scale because they affect muscle growth differently in body builders. This scale will be giving some difference in categories in the manner they affect the dependent variable here which is muscle growth. The data in this case will be analyzed mathematically and so will give some discrete results (Sahin, Serdar, Serteser, Unsal & Ozpinar, 2018).

9. What is the relationship between mortality rates and poverty level?

This research question is intended to establish the existence of any relationship between the mortality rates within a population and the poverty level of that population. The variables in these case will be poverty and death rate which will be measured using the ordinal level scale because it will be giving the degree to which these variables affect each other. The variables in this case will be having some continuous characteristics because they rise and fall at some level.

10. How does technological development impact learning in schools?

This research question has two directions, that is, the dependent variable may affect the independent in two ways either positively or negatively. The variables in this case will include the teaching techniques used by the teachers, the accessibility of the learning materials and so on this will have some positive impact on the learning processes. These variables will be measured using the ordinal level scale because they will be categorized and rated on the impact they have on the subject of study.

References

Pratt, M. G. (2015). Crafting and Selecting Research Questions and Contexts in Qualitative Research. Handbook of Qualitative Organizational Research: Innovative Pathways and Methods, 177.

Celli, B. R., Decramer, M., Wedzicha, J. A., Wilson, K. C., Agustí, A., Criner, G. J., … & Vogelmeier, C. (2015). An official American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society statement: research questions in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine, 191(7), e4-e27.

Sahin, O. N., Serdar, M., Serteser, M., Unsal, I., & Ozpinar, A. (2018). Vitamin D levels and parathyroid hormone variations of children living in a subtropical climate: a data mining study. Italian journal of pediatrics, 44(1), 40.

 
 

I have the instructions, checklist, an example of how it should be, and the article itself is called Red Jersey color and combat sports as an attachment and use 12 times new roman font.  

100 word minimum in speaker notes per slide along with citing sources at least 2 sources aside from text

Please read the instructions at the bottom of this for the future assignment that these references must be used for prior to starting this.  It is a separate assignment, but the instructions are there for your reference.  

Survey resources for the upcoming Literature Review assignment. 

In completing the annotated bibliography, select 8 to 10 scholarly, peer-reviewed, empirical, original research articles related to your literature review topic. Provide full, APA formatted reference entries for each of the selected articles. Beneath each article, include a two (2) to three (3) paragraph summary of each research article that includes concise overviews article, to include the researchers’ goals, methods, procedures, findings, and conclusions. Develop a comprehensive theme or overarching topic of the collection being reviewed; clearly articulate this overarching topic. Include a clear statement of how each article reviewed is relevant to the topic of the literature review and relates to the other selections in the annotated bibliography at the close of each article summary. 

Include APA formatted title and abstract pages; in-text citations are NOT required in the annotated bibliography. 

See the example of an Annotated Bibliography entry and the Grading Rubric below.

EXAMPLE:

 Whitlow, V.M. & Jones, G.W. (2013). The best is yet to come: According to Houston, Texas citizens of Latina origin. Journal of Reality, 22, 18-25.

This study recruited 125 Kindergarten, Latina immigrants from Mexico to an “English as a Second Language” program in Houston, Texas schools during the time period 2014 through the fall of 2016. Students were immersed in English throughout the school day, but only in non-critical subjects such as physical education, art and music so that their grades would not suffer while learning a second language. 

Students were provided instruction in both English and in Spanish in critical subjects such as math, social studies and science. Pre and post tests were conducted to see if students enrolled in the course learned English faster than Mexican immigrants who were not enrolled in the program. Results showed that those in the program learned English the fastest though there were some limitations of the study. Limitation were that researchers did not consider possible confounds such as some of the students in the program living with relatives that spoke both English and Spanish in the home and that many of the children received practice in English via spending time with American friends. Future studies should include male and female students of varying grade levels, not just those in kindergarten. Also, students with English speaking friends should be excluded from participation. These changes will improve the generalizability of the findings. Home visits should also be conducted to make sure that the students were receiving English instruction only at school.

____________________________________________________

Here is the future assignment that this relates to.  The references for the annotated bibliography must be the references that will be used in this future assignment.

As the culminating project for the course, you will complete a comprehensive literature review on topic of your choice related to the concepts, theories, or evidence-based practices of crisis, trauma, emergency, and disaster intervention. Using the articles reviewed in the Week 4 annotated bibliography assignment, among other available research and course materials, present the findings of your literature review through a cohesive, critically analyzed, and integrated work on the selected topic. In your work, be sure to address and/or include the following elements: 

· Identify the specific literature review topic, explicitly articulating a unifying, overarching theme that will guide the project.

· Define the major concepts, theories, and/or practices related to the selected topic. 

o  Ground these definitions in the information identified in the available research literature, clearly identifying the source.

· Determine how the topic has been addressed in the available research literature.

o  Summarize the reviewed articles with detail, including the findings, how they were obtained, and any biases and limitations affecting the findings.

o  Highlight significant or noteworthy similarities and differences among and between the various reviewed articles and the overarching topic of the literature review.

o  Provide critical analyses of reviewed research literature.

· Articulate the importance of the findings of the literature reviewed.

o  Explain why these findings are important to the understanding and practice of crisis and emergency intervention and the larger field of psychology. 

§  Extend knowledge through the integration of the literature review findings.

o  Make recommendations for future research based on the literature reviewed and explain the rationale for the recommendations.

§  Synthesize the research literature, redevelop existing models, or propose new models. 

Include a minimum 15 to 17 pages, not including APA formatted required title, abstract, and reference pages; submit APA style in-text citations throughout the work as well. 

The basic parts of a paper should also be included; these are the opening, introduction section, with a precise thesis statement, the body of the paper with clear, discernable headings formatted to APA style levels of heading where appropriate, and a conclusion that restates the thesis and summarizes the major points of the entire paper.  

 

In chapter 12 of your text there is a discussion of learning environments that are teacher-centered and those that are student-centered.

(a) After reading that section explain what you think is the best approach and what specific strategies you use do as a teacher to create that “best” learning environment.  

(b) What are some examples of ways you do/could use teacher-centered approaches?

(c) What are some examples or student-centered learning strategies you have or could use.

Please include at least 3 paragraphs and respond to 2 peers.

Peer reply needed for discussion 1 J

Week 6 Discussion

Traditionally, the presentation of information in school has been teacher-centered.  This approach can be varied in the techniques and strategies used, but as a rule a teacher-centered approach involves lecture with teacher lead questioning followed by skills practice.  There is a large variety of possible lecturing techniques available within this approach.  The questioning used by the educator, as well as the skills practice, also have many options.  The common component of the teacher-centered approach is that the teacher is the clear leader and the students follow the lead.

Within the past 20 years or so the teacher-centered approach has been questioned and many classrooms have moved to a more student-centered approach.  This approach, also called constructivism, involves the students creating their own understanding of knowledge.  A student-centered approach allows for a wide variety of lessons and activities such as discovery learning, inquiry methods, and cooperative learning.  Lately, a student-centered approach relies heavily on the use of personal learning devices and expects students to learn and progress at their own pace.  The teacher is integral in creating a variety of meaningful and student-centered lessons, but the student has a significant role in the acquisition of knowledge.

Personally, I feel a combined approach is more effective.  I am most comfortable and capable in a teacher-centered lecture format involving active questioning and skills practice.  I believe this approach is especially needed in primary and middle grades.  I think students need to learn how to become learners through guided practice.  I believe the teacher-centered approach does offer many opportunities for activities where the students have options as well as opportunities for group or cooperative moments.  The teacher-centered approach does not need to solely be what is considered the tradition style of lecture and classwork.

I have been in a district for the past 15 years that has pushed the curriculum towards a student-centered approach.  In Science and Mathematics students complete lessons and units on Chromebooks.  The students work at their own pace with check-in assessments and rough timelines for completion.  Assignments are not graded, and students have the opportunity to complete assessments several times until mastery is demonstrated.  The teacher is a guide or facilitator. This approach does work well for some students, but many students do not learn well with this model.  Those who do are typically highly motivated, able to focus easily, and able to independently access and complete the lessons effectively.  I have witnessed some teachers realizing that this individualizing learning is not best for all students.  I have started seeing lessons where the teacher begins with a more traditional teacher-centered approach, and then using the Chromebooks to supplement the information and to offer possible extension activities.  I think this is an approach that I would be likely to use in a classroom.

I do not think either approach is the best.  I think a combination that offers teacher-centered presentation of information and questioning, coupled with varied opportunities for skill practice is most effective.  This approach allows for varied learning styles and will meet the needs of more students.

Peer reply needed for discussion 2

 

I definitely don’t think that one approach is necessarily “better” than the other. For years, the more traditional method was of course the teacher centered approach but recently, the modern classroom allows for students and teacher to share the same focus, implementing more collaboration, open communication and group work. However, as well all know, every student is different and they all learn best in their own way. Some students may thrive in groups as others may need that one on one teacher centered method. I feel as though both approaches are beneficial in the classroom.

When utilizing either approach, there are going to be pros and cons. With teacher-centered learning, I feel as though the classroom is much more structured. I think that in order to help students develop structure and maintain classroom management, you still need to have lessons that are teacher centered so the students don’t have, what they may see as, “total control” at all times. I think teacher centered approach is good for reading. The teacher reads a book and the students listen. I always got some much more out of a book when someone else read it rather than taking turns with other students reading out loud because I was able to sit back and focus better on what was being read rather than worrying about who was reading next or when my turn was. I also think that the teacher centered approach is important to use to measure your students’ individual progress. With constant student-centered learning you may not see when a certain student is be falling behind or struggling.

There are more pros as to cons when it comes to the student centered approach but as I mentioned before, it is still important to implement both. Student centered learning is a great for student development. Students are learning the material as well as learning how to communicate and collaborate well with others which is great for building social skills. As a future school counselor I will have a lot of one on one meetings but I will also have many group meetings where the student centered approach is vital. Students interacting with one another and sharing their feelings and emotions is a great way for students to learn from each other and build each other up. I love the concept of “centers” that school counselors use. Each month there is a certain topic that students work on, whether it be building self-confidence, dealing with anxiety, or how not to be a bully. Group activities are laid out around the room and each group will have so much time at each center. The groups will work together to complete the activity with open communication and team work rather than just sitting and listening to a lesson about the given topic.

Overall, I strongly believe that both approaches are needed in the classroom in order for every student to learn to their full potential.