discussion wk6

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In the context of research design, two types of validity, which speak to the quality of different features of the research process, are considered: internal validity and external validity. Assuming that the findings of a research study are internally valid—i.e., the researcher has used controls to determine that the outcome is indeed due to manipulation of the independent variable or the treatment—external validity refers to the extent to which the findings can be generalized from the sample to the population or to other settings and groups. Reliability refers to the replicability of the findings.

For this Discussion, you will consider threats to internal and external validity in quantitative research and the strategies used to mitigate these threats. You will also consider the ethical implications of designing quantitative research.

With these thoughts in mind:

By Day 4

Post an explanation of a threat to internal validity and a threat to external validity in quantitative research. Next, explain a strategy to mitigate each of these threats. Then, identify a potential ethical issue in quantitative research and explain how it might influence design decisions. Finally, explain what it means for a research topic to be amenable to scientific study using a quantitative approach.

Be sure to support your Main Issue Post and Response Post with reference to the week’s Learning Resources and other scholarly evidence in APA Style.

Mental Health misdiagnosis among adolescents

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websites:

camp.biomedcentral.com

cchrflorida.org

APA Format

Assignment 2: Positive Psychology and Spirituality

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Assignment 2: Positive Psychology and Spirituality

Substance abuse counseling lends itself nicely to the integration of positive psychology and spirituality. While both of these therapy approaches have been explored for many years, the integration into substance abuse counseling is a relatively new development. As such, many clients may not be aware of the techniques in positive psychology and spirituality that can be of use in their recovery.

Juanita has been seeking treatment for her marijuana use from you for a month now. While she has significantly cut back on her substance use, she is having difficulty quitting and remaining abstinent for periods that last longer than a few days. In your counseling sessions, Juanita has mentioned that she feels very badly about herself—she feels guilty about being unable to quit and explains that she doesn’t think she is strong enough to quit altogether. She has also expressed nervousness that her boyfriend would no longer like her if she quit smoking, and she has expressed concern that if he leaves her, she wouldn’t be able to find a new boyfriend because she doesn’t believe she is pretty enough. Juanita is also unsatisfied with her job as a cashier at the local grocery store, but has expressed her opinion that she doesn’t think she is smart enough to get a better job. You know from Juanita’s history, that her mother was very critical of Juanita when she was a child and that her father was absent for most of her childhood. In high school, Juanita excelled at classes in biology and math, but she never attended college.

To help Juanita overcome her barriers to marijuana abstinence, write a summary of what the counselor should cover in the next meeting with Juanita. Ensure that you cover the following points: Explain the concepts of positive psychology to Juanita. Examine the goals of positive psychology and explain how this approach will help Juanita obtain sobriety, focusing specifically on the concerns and dissatisfactions she has expressed. Design at least two exercises based on positive psychology for Juanita to work on in between counseling sessions. Explain spirituality to Juanita, emphasizing the differences between spirituality and religion. Examine how spirituality and positive psychology can work together to help Juanita achieve her goals.

Write a 4–5-page paper in Word format. Use scholarly resources, including the textbook to support your ideas. Apply APA standards to citation of sources. Use the following file naming convention: LastnameFirstInitial_M4_A2.doc.

By the due date assigned, deliver your assignment to the Submissions Area.

NO PLAGIARISM DUE WEDNESDAY OCTOBER 3, 2018

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Finding one’s academic voice is an important part of development when  dedicating one’s self to earning a degree. However, it is not always  easy. Sometimes we lack the confidence (self-efficacy) and think our  words are not good enough. Other times, managing our time becomes  difficult and taking short cuts seems like our only way out. Once this  habit begins, especially if it is not caught, can have devastating  results later down the road, but often our emotions allow us to  rationalize the practice of taking this easy option.  

There are also many temptations with the World Wide Web, including  websites touting that you can buy information that cannot be traced. Be  cautious. Technological advancement is making this claim false.

Find your confidence and take the high road by developing your  academic voice. One of the most important aspects to this is simply  giving credit to where the information was learned.

YES! You must cite, not only quotes, but also any information  that would not be known, had a person not learned it from someone. 

This exercise involves exploring ethical writing practices and will include three parts:  Part One  Discuss why you think plagiarism is so problematic in higher  education today. Have you seen examples of it? What do you think you can  personally do to help develop your own academic voice? Does it stir up  any emotions when you think others are “getting away with it”? Part Two  Write a two-paragraph summary about what you have  learned about I/O Psychology this week and how it could be applied in  your own circumstances. Include at least one quote, but for the rest,  paraphrase (rewrite in your own words) your paragraph (also applying  citations appropriately throughout). Refer to Citing Within Your Paper (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. for help.  Highlight your quote in blue. Highlight your citations for your self-worded explanations/commentary in yellow. Be sure to also include correctly formatted citations prior to  running the document. (For examples of how to write citations, see the  Ashford Wiring Center.) Run this summary through your course similarity tool (Turn It In). Make corrections as indicated prior to submitting. Part Three  Discuss your results (two to three paragraphs) and the process of intentionally developing your academic writing skills.  Why do you think it is important to cite resources when you are putting into your own words? Do you have any bad habits you need to break? How much more difficult would it be to avoid this situation when using websites to assist you in research? What strategies could you use here to help you have more success and prevent accidental mistakes?

This exercise should be a minimum of two to three pages and should  adequately discuss all questions posed, demonstrate maturating  self-awareness and a personal commitment to developing your academic  voice.

A reference page is required and sources must include correct citations within the writing exercise when utilized. (If  you are not sure you are doing this correctly, please submit to the  Ashford Writing Center prior to submitting for a grade to allow them to  assist you. See “Writing Center & Library” tab on the left.)

Your text is the only required source, but additional sources are  encouraged. Use the rubric to check for thoroughness. The Ashford  Library should be used as your primary source for any additional  sources.

Your sources should be cited according to APA format as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.. Note that no title page is required.

For more information about how to  develop your academic voice and avoid even unintentional plagiarism  visit the following web pages:

Can i get a paper written on this topic please

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In 2-3 pages,

1) Explain what scholars mean by “the social construction of gender.” This should be in your own words. Imagine you are explaining it to a family member or friend who is not taking this course.

2) Introduce your case study: tell us something about the topic you have chosen and why it matters. Use at least two scholarly sources to give us this context. You are welcome to pull from the textbook, including Works Cited and Suggested Readings and Videos on pp. 83-88, for sources.

3) Apply the social construction of gender to your topic. Be specific and detailed.

4) Some of the case studies in the book lack strong conclusions. We can do better! Use the conclusion to reiterate your key points and make a lasting impression on the reader.

response 1

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Validity threats must be considered when designing quantitative research studies. One threat to a studies internal validity is overall mortality. Overall mortality happens when some of those participating in the research take the pretest but drop out before the post-test (Burkholder et al., 2016). Overall mortality can skew data. There could be a characteristic about in those who dropped out. Change of this characteristic in the groups make up could be the reason for the difference between pre and post tests instead of the control variable (Burkholder et al., 2016). A strategy to mediate this would be using random assignment into control and experiment groups. Random assignment would help ensure that characteristics are evenly distributed between groups. Therefore, if a characteristic would increase the chances of dropping out, there should be an equal chance of drop out across groups. This way any change between pre and post-test data can be more confidently attributed to the independent variable.

Context-dependent mediation is a threat to the external validity of a study. Context-dependent mediation is the idea that a factor in one setting is not available in another setting (Burkholder et al., 2016). If this factor contributes to the change observed it makes the results less generalizable across demographics. To mitigate this threat, a researcher can do a thorough study of previous research in this area. A strong understanding of factors that are culture dependent, as well as a clear understanding of how that particular factor changes across cultures, will help with applying the results of the study across other demographics (Burkholder et al., 2016).

Beyond validity, there are ethical and political considerations to make when designing a quantitative research study. Deception is an ethical issue in many studies. Some studies require a form of deception for accuracy. For instance, a researcher may not want participants to know they are being observed because their behavior might be affected by this knowledge. Therefore deception about their identity may be necessary for accurate results (Babbie, 2017). This can change the design of a research study. A researcher must decide how to design their study to include the least amount of deception possible by creating questions and situations with these issues in mind. They must also plan mitigation strategies to combat the negative effects of the deception (Babbie, 2017). For instance, planing in a debrief session with participants after the experiment is over.

Research design requires that the topic be amenable to scientific study. This means that the design of the research is directly related to the topic being researched. The more amenable, the closer the research activities will be to the research topic (Burkholder et al., 2016).

References

Babbie, E. (2017) Basics of social research (7th ed.). Boston, MA: Cengage Learning.

Burkholder, G. J., Cox, K. A., & Crawford, L. M. (2016). The scholar-practitioner’s guide to research design. Baltimore, MD: Laureate Publishing.

 Reply Quote Email Author  

Simon Memory Game

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Step 1: Access the internet and go to the Simon Memory Game website athttp://www.freegames.ws/games/kidsgames/simon/simon.htm (opens in a new window). Complete the Simon Memory Game and write down your score (your score indicates how many color steps you were able to remember at once before making a mistake). 

Step 2:

Thoroughly discuss the following: How many color steps could you remember?  How does this compare with the capacity of short term memory (7 +/- 2 bits of information)? What strategies did you use during the game to remember the colors? How could you improve your memory of the colors?

Important guidelines to follow:

Write at least a 300-word, well-developed and well-written response.  Use APA Formatting Guide to create accurate citations and documentation to give credit for any resource material used in your response. Your assignment is due October 8 in class. 

psy 2 part

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Some psychologists specialize in the study and treatment of psychological disorders, such as schizophrenia, mood disorders, eating disorders, and anxiety disorders. For your presentation, research and explain various elements that influence physical and mental health and behavior.

 

Create an outline for the Influences on Behavior and Psychological Disorders Presentation

Include the following:          Introduction All introductory points Thesis statement Body Main topics and subtopics Conclusion, including preliminary concluding statements Reference list, including four references formatted consistent with APA guidelines

Create a 15-slide Microsoft® PowerPoint® presentation on one of the following psychological disorders: Depression Bipolar disorder Anorexia nervosa Antisocial personality disorder Obsessive-compulsive disorder Schizophrenia Borderline personality disorder

Include the following: Describe the general behaviors associated with the disorder. Explain how biological influences play a role. Are there biological reasons an individual may exhibit behaviors related to the disorder? Explain your answer. Describe how altered states of consciousness related to sleep, psychoactive drugs, or meditation and hypnosis affect individuals with the disorder. Describe how the disorder could affect memory. Provide a brief description of any biological influences on the memory of individuals with this disorder. Are there any memory distortions commonly involved with the disorder? Select two personality theories. Compare the theories, describing each theory’s application to the disorder. Evaluate the effectiveness of at least two therapies used to treat the disorder.

Include at least four scholarly references.

Include detailed speaker notes on each slide. For Local Campus students, these are oral presentations accompanied by PowerPoint® presentations For Online Campus and directed study students, these are PowerPoint® presentations with speaker notes.

Format your presentation consistent with APA guidelines.

Click the Assignment Files tab to submit your assignment.

Ethics in Psychology

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Assignment 2:Question: Role of the Counselor in the Community

By the due date assigned, respond to the question assigned by the instructor. 

Nine-year-old Wanda’s teacher notices that for the past few weeks, Wanda has not been talking to her friends and is always sitting alone in a corner. After talking to Wanda’s friends, the teacher finds out that Wanda’s sixteen-year-old brother was killed in a gang fight two months ago and her parents have since separated. The teacher talks to her friend Daphne, a counselor, to see if there is anything she can do about Wanda. She wants to know if there is any way in which children and families affected by exposure to violence can be assisted with emotional impact of these events. The teacher also asks Daphne, in the role of a counselor, to call Wanda’s parents to see if they would be willing to talk with her about the death of their son, their separation, and Wanda’s behavior at school. Daphne is not employed or affiliated with the school.

What would be Daphne’s role, as a counselor, in helping the teacher?

What do you see as important roles of a counselor working in a community?

What are the ethical responsibilities that counselors and human services professionals hold toward the community? When answering this question identify the ethical code number and definition, using your own words, of the ethical responsibilities of these professionals.

Briefly speak how you, as an ethical counselor, would respond to the teacher’s request for you to speak with Wanda and her family.

Homework Question

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  Role of the Counselor in the Community

Nine-year-old Wanda’s teacher notices that for the past few weeks, Wanda has not been talking to her friends and is always sitting alone in a corner. After talking to Wanda’s friends, the teacher finds out that Wanda’s sixteen-year-old brother was killed in a gang fight two months ago and her parents have since separated. The teacher talks to her friend Daphne, a counselor, to see if there is anything she can do about Wanda. She wants to know if there is any way in which children and families affected by exposure to violence can be assisted with emotional impact of these events. The teacher also asks Daphne, in the role of a counselor, to call Wanda’s parents to see if they would be willing to talk with her about the death of their son, their separation, and Wanda’s behavior at school. Daphne is not employed or affiliated with the school.

What would be Daphne’s role, as a counselor, in helping the teacher?

What do you see as important roles of a counselor working in a community?

What are the ethical responsibilities that counselors and human services professionals hold toward the community? When answering this question identify the ethical code number and definition, using your own words, of the ethical responsibilities of these professionals.

Briefly speak how you, as an ethical counselor, would respond to the teacher’s request for you to speak with Wanda and her family.