Week 2: Brain-Behavior Relationships The brain is a wonderful organ; it starts working the moment you get up in the morning and does not stop until you get into the office. 
—Robert Frost

This is an amusing quote; however, it is scientifically incorrect. Yes, your brain is a wonderful organ, but it never really stops working. We are able to interact with our world through our nervous system, which is comprised of our brain and all the nerve cells in the rest of the body. The nervous system and our endocrine system, involved in secreting hormones through our bloodstream, both communicate messages that influence behavior and many aspects of our biological functioning.

This week you learn how the central nervous system, peripheral nervous system, and endocrine system interact to communicate within the body. You will also learn about how our bodies sense things from the environment and transform and organize that sensation into meaningful perceptions of sight, sound, smell, taste, and touch. Learning Objectives Students will: Demonstrate comprehension of the relationships among brain structure, neural transmission, and thoughts, feelings, and behaviors Identify major structures and functions of parts of the nervous system Demonstrate understanding about connections between nervous system structures Identify instances of sensory adaptation Identify aspects of basic sensation and perception in regard to vision, hearing, smell, and taste Assess concepts related to perceptual organization Summarize salient characteristics of an individual for case study project Test Test for Understanding

This 20-question Test for Understanding assesses how well you understand and can apply the information in this week’s Learning Resources.

To prepare for the Test for Understanding: Review the assigned Learning Resources.

About the Test for Understanding: The Test for Understanding has a 40-minute time limit. If your test completion time exceeds the 40-minute time limit, your Instructor will reduce your final test score by 1 point for every minute your time exceeds the limit. If you encounter technical difficulties during the Test for Understanding, or if you have questions about how an online test works, contact Student Support for more information.

Once you have completed the Test for Understanding, you will be shown the correct answer for each question.

Click on the Test – Week 2 link to access the Test for Understanding.

Please answer each question and click Submit when you have completed the Test. If you are inactive for a period of time during the test, you may be prompted to exit the test. Remember to carefully read the prompts provided by the test. For example, click “Cancel” (as in cancel the exit) to stay inside the test. If you click “OK” or “back,” you accept to exit the test. Please be mindful about staying active inside the test (i.e., how much time you spend between items) so the test does not time you out.

Week 3: Learning and Memory

By pursuing your degree, you have actively sought learning; however, learning does not occur simply because you enroll in a course. Learning is much bigger than the school context, and it’s actually much smaller, too—psychologists have developed theories that break down the specific components involved in how we make links between two stimuli (classical conditioning) and between a stimulus and a response (operant conditioning). We know that we can even learn without experiencing something ourselves, but by simply watching others’ experiences (observational learning). Regardless of what your role is in society, a parent, a friend, or a manager on your job, you are probably responsible for both learning new things yourself and helping others learn and commit information to memory. As you progress through this week’s learning materials, think about the different ways in which you yourself learn, reason, problem-solve, and remember, and how you help others do the same. Learning Objectives Students will: Assess components of classical conditioning and operant conditioning Label examples of observational and latent learning Distinguish memory encoding, storage, and retrieval processes Compare reasons for forgetting Apply learning and memory concepts to case study individual Apply concepts related to the nervous system, sensation, and perception Discussion: Classical and Operant Conditioning

According to the course text, learning is defined as a “relatively permanent change in behavior that is brought about by experience” (Feldman, 2020, p. 168). By following the scientific process, psychologists have made great strides in understanding how you learn. Pavlov’s seminal experiment introduced the idea of classical conditioning-learning that occurs when you learn to link two or more stimuli and anticipate events. Classical conditioning paved the way for behaviorism.

Operant conditioning, like classical conditioning, is another form of associative learning. Operant conditioning is a type of learning in which behavior is encouraged if followed by a reinforcer and decreased if followed by punishment.

Both classical conditioning and operant conditioning occur every day, though you are probably not used to examining how you learn in these technical terms. For this week’s Discussion, you will have the opportunity to practice your understanding by creating examples of classical conditioning and operant conditioning “in real life.”

This week you will be discussing the concepts of classical conditioning and operant conditioning. Please choose if you would like to apply these learning theories to humans or animals. Be sure that your thread subject line identifies which topic you are posting about (e.g., “Human” or “Animal”) By Day 3

Human:

Classical Conditioning

Post a response to the following:

Think about someone with a specific fear or phobia. Explain how classical conditioning can explain how the fear or phobia developed. Give an example and explain your answer. Include a description of the neutral stimulus (NS), unconditioned stimulus (UCS), conditioned stimulus (CS), unconditioned response (UCR), and conditioned response (CR) in relation to your example. Support your assignment post with at least one reference (textbook or other scholarly, empirical resources).

AND

Operant Conditioning

Post a response to the following:

Imagine you are a supervisor at work. How can you use operant conditioning to change an employee’s attendance, customer service, or other behavior?

Include a description of how you would use either positive or negative reinforcement to increase the frequency of a desirable behavior. Also, include a description of how you would use punishment to decrease the frequency of an undesirable behavior. Support your assignment post with at least one reference (textbook or other scholarly, empirical resources).

Animal Training:

Do you own a pet? Call to mind some of your pet’s behaviors or desired behaviors.

Classical Conditioning

Post a response to the following:

Explain how classical conditioning could explain an association your pet has learned. (e.g., The sound of a can opener associated with a meal.) Describe your example and include a description of the neutral stimulus (NS), unconditioned stimulus (UCS), conditioned stimulus (CS), unconditioned response (UCR), and conditioned response (CR) in relation to your example. Support your assignment post with at least one reference (textbook or other scholarly, empirical resources).

AND

Operant Conditioning

Post a response to the following:

Explain how operant conditioning could be used to teach your pet a trick or change your pet’s behavior. Include a description of how you would use either positive or negative reinforcement to increase the frequency of a desirable behavior. Also, include a description of how you would use punishment to decrease the frequency of an undesirable behavior. Support your assignment post with at least one reference (textbook or other scholarly, empirical resources). By Day 5

Response Instructions:

Support your reply to a colleagues’ assignment post with at least one reference (textbook or other scholarly, empirical resources). You may state your opinion and/or provide personal examples; however, you must also back up your assertions with evidence (including in-text citations) from the source and provide a reference.

Respond in one or more of the following ways: Ask a probing question and provide insight into how you would answer your question and why. Ask a probing question and provide the foundation, or rationale, for the question. Expand on your colleague’s posting by offering a new perspective or insight. Agree with a colleague and offer additional (new) supporting information for consideration. Disagree with a colleague by respectfully discussing and supporting a different perspective.

Refer to the Discussion Rubric, located in the Course Information area, for details on how this discussion will be graded.

Note: You are required to complete your initial post before you will be able to view and respond to your colleague’s postings. After clicking on the “Week 3 Discussion” link, select “Create Thread” to create your initial post.

MY PROBLEM IS PROCRASTINATION AND TIME MANAGMEN

Assignment 1: Begin Your Journey With Problem Statements

Have you ever tried to solve a problem but the solution did not work out? What went wrong? Oftentimes, we solve problems through trial and error. This type of approach may be appropriate for simple problems when a bad decision may not have great consequences. However, when problems are complex and you anticipate that the consequences of your decisions may have a significant impact, you must plan your decision carefully. This planning may include considering how you addressed a type of problem in the past or considering multiple approaches.

In this week’s Learning Resources, you explored systematic approaches to problem solving. If you dissected a specific problem that resulted in a dysfunctional solution, could you identify the step or approach that did not work?

This Assignment is all about you. So, just what is YOUR problem, and what is keeping you from a solution? The best solutions for problems most often begin with a solid problem statement. By Day 7

Submit 1–2 pages in which you explain a problem that has been troubling you. It might be something in your discipline, neighborhood, or community. It might be a problem in a field that interests you, such as a problem that is keeping you from moving forward in your field. Consider your perspective of the problem and whether others would have the same or a different perspective.

Refer to steps in the Problem-Solving Guidance Handout (see the Learning Resources) as you address the following in your paper: Formulate a problem statement. Describe your own perspective of the problem. Then, describe the problem from at least one perspective other than your own. Answer the following questions about the problem: Who is affected by the problem? When does the problem happen? Where is the problem happening? Why solve it? Why not? Credit for graphic: [Photo of failure/success directional sign]. Retrieved October 2nd, 2013, from: http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/images/results.aspx?qu=success&queryid=d96bec60%2D7a91%2D424b%2D99a4%2D31ab90aa6c8b#ai:MP900442210 Submission and Grading Information

To submit your completed Assignment for review and grading, do the following: Please save your Assignment using the naming convention “WK1Assgn1+last name+first initial.(extension)” as the name. Click the Week 1 Assignment 1 Rubric to review the Grading Criteria for the Assignment. Click the Week 1 Assignment 1 link. You will also be able to “View Rubric” for grading criteria from this area. Next, from the Attach File area, click on the Browse My Computer button. Find the document you saved as “WK1Assgn1+last name+first initial.(extension)” and click Open. If applicable: From the Plagiarism Tools area, click the checkbox for I agree to submit my paper(s) to the Global Reference Database. Click on the Submit button to complete your submission. Assignment 2: Summary Blog

With the use of technology, individuals can reach beyond the borders of the home, local community, and nation. The emergence of social media, in particular, has transformed the way people communicate.

Through the use of one of the most popular forms of social media—blogging—interactions among individuals can lead not only to an increased access to information (and, at times, misinformation), but also to an exciting exchange of ideas and opinions.

In this course you will create a blog. The goal of this blog is to support the development of an interactive atmosphere and help you get to know your colleagues as individuals and professionals. In addition, through the use of this blog, you may contribute to your understanding of the problem-solving process by disseminating noteworthy information and generating interest in tackling social change issues. A Note About Blogging: The purpose of the Blog Assignments is for you and your colleagues to get to know each other as professionals and to enrich each other’s collection of ideas, resources, and personal experiences in relation to this course and the program at large. Your blog entries can be less formal than your writing for your coursework. Keep in mind, of course, that anything you publish on the Internet may become public, and be available to prospective employers and collaborators. Use your best judgment when deciding what to share and cite your sources when appropriate. Summary Blog Post

In this week, you create a blog to which you will contribute throughout this course. Refer to the Blog Guidance and Suggestions document for instructions on how to create your blog.

After you have created your blog, create a document with this information:

Blog Links Board, your name, the link to your blog

Post this document in the Doc Sharing area of this course, located in the Course Navigation menu.

Be sure to open your blog for RSS feeds, so that your colleagues and others may subscribe. Sign up for the RSS feeds of your colleagues’ blogs as well.

To prepare for your blog post:

In one paragraph, summarize how the Learning Resources in Week 1 extend your understanding of problem solving. By Day 5

Post this paragraph in your blog. If you have not already done so, post a link to your blog in the Doc Sharing area with this information: Blog Links Board, your name, the link to your blog By Day 7

Read your colleagues’ blogs and consider what resonates with you. Contribute to at least one colleague’s blog. Submission and Grading Information Grading Criteria To access your rubric:
Blog Rubric Post Your Blog by Day 5 and Respond by Day 7 To participate in Doc Sharing:

 you will use the five (5) sources below to address the chosen topic.  you are, in essence, building your literature review (introduction section) for your final paper. A literature review is both a summary as well as an explanation of knowledge. 

 Next, based on your understanding of each article, answer the following questions that pertain to essential literature review elements:  

  Summarize the claims made by the authors of the existing research in the field regarding the topic you have chosen. (Make sure you explain the claims the authors made about their researched topic as well as the conclusions they reached). Describe the specific research designs used in the presented research and explain how these designs were used to address the research topic. For example, what were the specific methods used to address their research questions? What types of research design(s) were used (be specific)? (make sure you briefly include the number of participants, their demographics (gender, age, and so forth if the article provides them), and briefly explain where and how the research was conducted (the procedure). How did the research designs used by researchers help in conducting their research? Do you think the research in each of the articles was conducted in an ethical manner? Why or why not? What overall conclusions can be reached by you, based on your own review and presentation of these studies and references?

 Two samples of how you should structure the information in your literature review are attached along with the rubric. Although the samples do not contain all of the information required for this milestone, it should give you an idea. Please follow the examples I have provided. 

Your submission for this milestone must follow the  APA paper guidelines. Your submission should not exceed 5-6 pages (excluding the cover and reference pages). It should include a cover page and reference page, be written with 12-point Times New Roman font and double spacing, and you will follow proper APA citation and reference format.

Any thoughts that are not your own MUST be cited in proper APA format. Direct quotes (short and long) MUST be cited and formatted following APA guidelines. Even if you paraphrase information, it MUST be cited.

Attached is all the supporting details 

articles in pdf file – also my question and the articles is full citation 

examples on how it’s written 

In this discussion, you will describe your sampling and measurement plan for answering key evaluation questions for your program evaluation proposal. This is an extended discussion and should be 300–400 words. The insights you gain from this discussion will help you complete your Unit 8 assignment.

At the beginning of your post, again briefly provide the following information about your proposed program evaluation for your peers’ review: Population. Clinical area of concern. Clinical intervention to be evaluated.

After completing the multimedia piece in this unit that describes reliability and validity issues in selecting samples and measures, provide the following information about your program evaluation plan: The proposed sampling procedure (with rationale for your choice). The proposed recruitment procedure (with rationale for your choice). The proposed data collection strategy for the quantitative components of your study (for example, a test, measure, or some other way of measuring responses, symptoms, or attitudes). The proposed data collection strategy for the qualitative components of your study (for example, a recording of interviews, journaling entries, or narrative written responses). Reliability, validity, and credibility information, including a justification for how your sampling and measurement plan will provide reliable, valid, and credible information.

For this discussion, include current APA style citations for at least four scholarly resources that support your evaluation plan. This may be a combination of book sources and at least two peer-reviewed journal articles.