Respond in one or more of the following ways:

• Ask a probing question.
• Share an insight from having read your colleague’s posting.
• Offer and support an opinion.
• Validate an idea with your own experience.
• Make a suggestion.
• Expand on your colleague’s posting.

  Example is in the attachment!
  Please include references in the response.

Post 1 (Write a 50-100 words response)

Attitudinal Influences on Information Processing and Decision Making

Individuals process information in their environments differently through their experiences which influence the way they interpret the message, but also the memories that are activated when information is presented. Interpretation is personal in that an individual processes information based on how they feel about the received message One’s reaction may occur on a conscious or subconscious level but will affect the attitude of the individual either positively or negatively (Banaji & Heiphetz, 2010). The attitude formed from exposure to an object or situation can emerge from on-line processing or memory-based processing (Sanbonmatsu, 1990). Where on-line processing is more automatic, the memory-based processing involves judgments based on retrieval of previously stored information. If an individual has a memory of an incident where they became ill at the zoo, they may develop a negative attitude towards zoos as a result. The interpretation is not from a position of thinking logically about zoos, but rather a feeling that is evoked by a memory. One’s attitude toward zoos may not produce any response if the individual has never visited a zoo. The attitude is contingent on relevance and the more relevant the target, the more likely it will influence the way the attitude is materializes.

References:

Banaji, M. R., & Heiphetz, L. (2010). Attitudes. In S. T. Fiske, D. T. Gilbert, & G. E. Lindzey, Handbook of social psychology (5th ed., Vol. 1) (pp. 370-376). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

Sanbonmatsu, D. M. (1990). The role of attitudes in memory-based decision making. Journal Of Personality And Social Psychology, 59(4) , 614–622. Retrieved from https://ezp.waldenulibrary.org/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx.

Post 2 (Write a 50-100 words response)

Attitudinal Influences Applied to the Information Processing of Advertisements

There was an advertisement on television a couple of years ago for UNICEF that tugged at my heart strings. The ad begins with a woman singing the song “You Are My Sunshine” which is a song that my mom sang to us as young children. The ad shows women kissing and hugging their babies. Caryl Stern appears and begins talking about the way parents love their children and want to make sure they have enough food, medical care, education, etc., but that there are children everywhere who are not that fortunate. She explains that as parents we should care enough about these children to donate to UNICEF (UNICEF, 2016).

There was a little girl in the ad that captured my attention. She looks just like one of my grand-daughters and to think of that beautiful child going without because I didn’t contribute a mere 50 cents a day, just $15.00 a month (about what I’d spend on a few lunches out with my co-workers. This ad’s message is pretty clear…donate or you’re a bad person! I was raised in a Catholic household and attended Catholic school as a child. We were taught to give even if we had little ourselves. Self-sacrifice was rewarded. We were given UNICEF boxes to bring around with us when we went trick or treating because there are kids all over the world who won’t even get supper and you’re getting a huge bucket full of candy! Guilt can be a great motivator! Although my attitude toward the ad was formed from the experiences of my childhood, the motivation driving the attitude has changed (Banaji & Heiphetz, 2010). The original attitude was formed from fear of eternal damnation. In my mid-twenties, I had children of my own and my attitude changed from fear to a more cognizant thought of how fortunate I was to have more than enough, and my attitude changed to one of compassion and empathy. The UNICEF ad still reminds me of the little cardboard box from my youth, but the concept of giving has taken on a more conscious meaning.

References

Banaji, M. R., & Heiphetz, L. (2010). Attitudes. In S. T. Fisk, D. T. Gilbert, & G. (. Lindzey, Handbook of social psychology 5th ed., Vol. 1 (pp. 370-376). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

UNICEF. (2016). “Sunshine” A message from Caryl M Stern. United States.

Post 3 (Write a 50-100 words response)

Research Design for One-Way ANOVA

1. What is your research question?

My research question seeks to see if the means of respondent’s socioeconomic index differ when it comes to ownership of a gun in their home.

1. What is the null hypothesis for your question?

The null hypothesis for my research question is that there will be no difference between any of the means. H₀:μ₁=μ₂=μ₃=μ₄

1. What research design would align with this question?

I am seeking to test for a significant relationship between one dependent variable, the respondent’s socioeconomic index and one independent variable, ownership of a gun in the home. Therefore, the one-way ANOVA is the best research design to use for this question.

1. What dependent variable was used and how is it measured?

The dependent variable is the respondent’s socioeconomic status index. It is measured at the interval or ratio level, it is a continuous variable.

1. What independent variable is used and how is it measured?

The independent variable is ownership of a gun in their home. It is a categorical level and there are 3 categorical groups within this variable, yes, no, and refused.

1. If you found significance, what is the strength of the effect?

There was a statistically significant difference between groups as determined by one-way ANOVA (F(2,1632) = 7.483, p = .001).

1. Explain your results for a lay audience and further explain what the answer is to your research question.

My research hypothesis was that at least one mean is different from the others when it comes to ownership of guns in the home. A one-way ANOVA test was used to test for a significant relationship between the dependent variable (socioeconomic index) and the independent variable (owns a gun in their home). The results of the one-way ANOVA yield a significant p-value of .001 which is below the threshold of significance. (LaVenia Jaz Favor )

Unit #3 Quiz Answer Sheet in MS Word format with the following file name: LastNameFirstInitial_Unit 03_QuizAnswerSheet.docx. For example, if you name is John Smith, the file name of your Answer Sheet should be SmithJ_Unit03_QuizAnswerSheet.docx.

If you have any questions or comments, please do not hesitate to contact me.

NAME: _____________________________________

Question Number	Question
1	What does beta represent? Indiviudal company risk against market risk Systematic risk for the company Unsystematic risk of the company Varabiity of returns for the company
2	The purpose of stock valuation is to: To set a fair market value (FMV) for a given common stock To determine whether the vlaue of a common stock is fairly represented by its market price Of limited value since the efficient market hypothesis proves that all common stock is always fairly priced More than one of the above

3	What two conditions are necessary to use the constant growth model: The price must increase over time The investors required rate of return must be known Constant growth is necessary Any growth is necessary The required rate of return must exceed growth The two conditions necessary for the constant growth model are: 1 and 2 2 and 3 3 and 4 3 and 5
4	The required rate of return is intended to provide: Compensation for expected inflation A premium for risk assumed A minimum real rate of return All of the above
5	What is the value of a stock which has a current divident (D0) of $1.50 and is growing at the rate of 7%. The investor’s required rate of return is 12% $26.75 $30.00 $32.10 None of the above
6	In order for any dividend valuation model to reflect a valid stock price for a company The dividend growth rate must remain constant The company must pay dividends The required rate of return (discount rate) must remain constant More than one of the above
7	The risk of holding stocks is measured by the: Likelihood of price jumps Volaliity and investment time horizon Standard deviation of the expected return and beta Macro-economic variable

8	The P/E ratio approach to stock valuation is based on: A constant yearly range of P/E ratios and an earnings forecast derived from historial growth patterns and market projections The average yearly P/E ratio relative to the market, a yearly range of P/E ratios, and earnings based on an assumed constant growth rate An increasing yearly range of P/E ratios and an earnings forecast based on the EPS of previous years None of the above
9	Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a growth company? A relatively high average expenditure on research and development Growth stocks always outperform the overall market indexes Consistently stable and high profit margins All of the above are characteristics
10	Calcualte the expected rate of return (ER) for the following: Po= purchase price = $50 P1= expected selling price = $75 I = Income = $5 What is the percenage of Exprected Return? 40% 50% 60% 70%
11	Assume D1 = $6.00, Ke = 15% using the Preferred Stock Dividend Valuation Model (the No Growth Model), compute P0 $75.00 $71.43 $44.56 $40.00
12	Assume D1 = $3.00, Ke = 10%, and g = 12 % using the Constant Growth Dividend Valuation Model, compute P0 The Constant Growth Formula can’t be used $150.00 $15.00 $13.64

Note: Be certain to read the Stock Valuation Handout included in Week 3 Content.

In the field of human services, it’s not uncommon to work with clients who are encountering a range of challenges that arouse feelings of sadness, anger, and frustration. Would you know how to engage appropriately with a client under such conditions? In this second discussion, you will identify and reflect on various elements related to conveying effective messages to clients.

Read Chapters 7 and Chapter 8 of The Interpersonal Communication Book and review the following five human service career paths from the Human Service Careers (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. video:

• Early Child Development & Services (03:01)
• Counseling and Mental Health Services (04:17)
• Family & Community Services (07:00)
• Personal Care Services (03:54)
• Consumer Services (04:11)

Initial Post: Imagine that you are a human service professional working in a career path that is different from the one you selected in the first discussion forum and prepare a reply that sufficiently addresses each of the items below,. Don’t forget that it is critical to cite your sources of information, including the textbook, using APA formatting.

• What are some ways in which effective means of emotional expression is used to engage with a client experiencing a problem (e.g., loss of job, homelessness, health concerns, etc.)?
• Identify empathy skills in interpersonal and group settings (e.g., one-on-one client interaction, facilitating a group session, etc.) that you might use as a human services professional.
• Describe one communication theory (i.e., constructivist, attachment, communication accommodation, attribution) that can apply to this situation as it relates to communicating messages (e.g., how messages are communicated, processes related to communicating messages, etc..). See Week One’s required website readings.
• Under what conditions might you, as a human service professional, use self-disclosure as a means of interacting with clients? Would it be appropriate or inappropriate in this specific situation? Why or why not?

Question and Problem Sets Week 3

Purpose of Assignment

Students should understand and be able to calculate the net present value and internal rate of return for corporate cash flows, determine project cash flows and a company’s sales, variable costs, fixed costs, and its breakeven point.

Assignment Steps

Resources: Tutorial help on Excel^® and Word^® functions can be found on the Microsoft^® Office website. There are also additional tutorials via the web that offer support for office products.

Complete the following Questions and Problems from each chapter as indicated.

Show all work and analysis.

Prepare in Microsoft^® Excel^® or Word.

• Ch. 9: Questions 7 & 8 (Questions and Problems section)
• Ch. 10: Questions 3 & 13 (Questions and Problems section)
• Ch. 11: Questions 1 & 7 (Questions and Problems section)

Format your assignment consistent with APA guidelines if submitting in Microsoft^® Word.

Fundamentals of Corporate Finance, Ch. 9: Net Present Value and Other Investment Criteria

Fundamentals of Corporate Finance, Ch. 10: Making Capital Investment Decisions

Fundamentals of Corporate Finance, Ch. 11: Project Analysis Evaluation