Assignment 1: Internal Review Board Discussion

This week we learned that before you conduct research for your dissertation you must have your research reviewed by the IRB. By the due date assigned, post in the discussion below the type of review your research will require and why. Provide feedback to at least two of your peers through the end of the module.

All written assignments and responses should follow APA rules for attributing sources.

Module 7 Overview (1 of 2)

Research Methods: Ethical Issues in Research

In Module 7 we will review various ethical issues in conducting research and the researchers’ responsibility to the participants of their studies. This is the final component to prepare you to complete your final paper at the end of this week.

Just as morality is a part of everyday living, ethics is a way of living that permeates all aspects of research. It is essential for researchers to be aware of their responsibility to research participants, co-workers, the profession, and the society as a whole (Heppner, Kivlighan, & Wampold, 1999).

Creswell (2009) reviewed many ethical issues in conducting research including identifying the research problem, the data collection process, data analysis and interpretation, and writing and disseminating the research. Another issue that is sometimes overlooked relates to the duplication of data. It is not considered to be ethical for researchers to publish the same data in different journal articles because it may give the impression that there is more information to be offered for a particular topic than is warranted by the data. Similarly, “piecemeal” publication is also considered to be unethical. Piecemeal, or fragmented, publication refers to publication of several and perhaps somewhat different studies from the same data set. However, it should be noted that this does not include re-analysis of published data to test a new theory or methodology, assuming that the new article will clearly identify the source of data and the rationale for the re-analysis.

Creswell (2009) briefly touched upon the issue of authorship in publications. For doctoral students, it is sometimes challenging and complicated to negotiate publication credits for their theses and dissertations. Because of numerous complaints, the American Psychological Association Ethics Committee (1983) issued a policy statement that provides detailed guidelines regarding publishing dissertations.

1. Only second authorship is acceptable for the dissertation supervisor.
2. Second authorship may be considered obligatory if the supervisor designates the primary variables, makes major interpretative contributions, or provides the database.
3. Second authorship is a courtesy if the supervisor designates the general area of concern or is substantially involved in the development of the design and measurement procedures or substantially contributes to the write-up of the published report.
4. Second authorship is not acceptable if the supervisor provides only encouragement, physical facilities, financial support, critiques, or editorial contributions.
5. In all instances, agreement should be reviewed before writing for publication is undertaken and at the time of submission. If disagreements arise, they should be resolved by a third party using these guidelines.

Continue on to the next page for a discussion of ethical issues related to participants.

Research Methods: Ethical Issues in Research

Keith-Spiegel and Koocher (1985) state that the goal of the ethical researcher is to develop a fair, clear, and explicit agreement with participants so that their decision to participate in an experiment is made voluntarily, knowingly, and intelligently. Even though they were psychologists, this principle applies to other disciplines including business and education.

Historically, participants’ welfare and dignity were not of the foremost concern. There were several notorious examples of abuse, including the experiments conducted during WWII in Nazi prison camps where prisoners died from lethal doses of chemicals and various levels of physical abuse. Another example was a program conducted by a hospital in Brooklyn in the 1960s where 22 chronically ill patients were injected with cancer cells as part of a study to examine the body’s capacity to reject foreign cells. The patients were not informed of their participation (Heppner, Kivlighan, & Wampold, 1999; Stricker, 1982).

Now, all research projects with human participants are subject to federal regulations governing research, and most institutions have an Institutional Review Board (IRB) committee of peers to review all research proposals. The Argosy University IRB handbook, located in Discussion Area, is required reading for this module. Be sure to consult The Argosy University IRB handbook for the Informed Consent template, which you must modify for your study and include in your final paper.

Lastly, here are some questions for you to reflect on:

How do you see your dissertation research? Is it a project that you are passionate about, and you cannot wait to start the process, or is it merely a means to an end to obtain your degree? How does your attitude affect your decision to select topics, design your study, and interpret the results?

Identify a recent case of school violence, and then research the
school administrators’ response following the incident. Examples of
possible topics include: Columbine, Virginia Tech, and the Phoebe Prince
suicide.

Then, prepare a final paper that analyzes your selected incident, and
the subsequent response from school administrators. Your paper should
include, but is not limited to, the following:

• Introduce and describe your selected incident.
• Explain the school administrators’ response.
• Conduct an analysis by addressing the following:
  • Research and explain the policies in place before the incident. Were strategies in place to create a culture of safety?
  • Indicate students’ expectations. Determine their level of awareness of policies related to this incident before it occurred.
  • Identify and explain policy changes that resulted from this incident.
  • Describe educational activities that were implemented to inform and
    support the student population. Some examples are listed below:
    • Provide guidance.
    • Identify abusive behavior.
    • Determine if any instructional practices changed due to the incident.
  • Summarize how the incident was communicated to the media.
  • Summarize how the incident was communicated to parents or other family members.

• Summarization:
  • Summarize media action surrounding the violence and what was
    reported by media outlets. You may select a specific news station,
    newspaper, or reputable magazine.
  • Summarize and evaluate the response by police, administrators,
    parents, students, and others directly involved with the incident. How
    did the local community as a whole react?
  • Create a policy or policies based on your analysis of the response
    and best practices in school safety to prevent and respond to school
    violence similar to the case explored in this assignment. As a school
    leader, what would you have done differently?

Support your assignment with at least seven scholarly resources. In
addition to these specified resources, other appropriate scholarly
resources, including older articles, may be included.

Length: 12-15 pages, not including title and reference pages

Your assignment should demonstrate thoughtful consideration of the
ideas and concepts presented in the course by providing new thoughts and
insights relating directly to this topic. Your response should reflect
scholarly writing and current APA standards. Be sure to adhere to
Northcentral University’s Academic Integrity Policy.

Eckholm, E., & Zezima, K. (2010, March 29). 6 Teenagers are charged after classmate’s suicide. The New York Times.
http://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/30/us/30bully.html?pagewanted=all

Read Web Article

National Association for School Psychologists. Media & Crisis.
http://www.nasponline.org/resources-and-publications/resources/school-safety-and-crisis/media-and-crisis

Review Website

Document/OtherReferenceInstructionKramen,

A. J., Massey, K. R., & Timm, H. W. (n.d.). Guide for preventing

and responding to school violence. International Association of Chiefs

of Police.
http://www.theiacp.org/Portals/0/pdfs/Publications/schoolviolence2.pd

For this project, you will be writing a conflict analysis essay. This should demonstrate everything you have learned in both the American Drama Unit as well as the entire course.

The audience for this paper should be an imaginary classmate, a student your age, who has read the story through once but has not yet studied it to understand it on a deeper level.

Your paper will be analytical in purpose. This means that your ultimate goal is to choose significant moments, quotes, or techniques from the play, present them, and explain how they work together to create larger meaning. Your paper will analyze three related conflicts from The Crucible by Arthur Miller.

Your three conflicts must be related. (Do not just choose the first three conflicts you can think of.) For example, you could write about three conflicts within one character, such as Proctor’s conflict with the court or “justice” in general, Proctor’s interpersonal conflict with Abigail, and Proctor’s internal conflict of guilt. Or, you could write about three characters (perhaps Mary, Elizabeth, and Proctor) who conflict with the court. You will explore one conflict per body paragraph. Each paragraph will:

• Summarize: Explain the conflict.
• Discuss the scope: Is the conflict between two people? A person and an idea? Or between the person and their conscience?
• Interpret: What does this conflict mean? What is Miller using this conflict to say or show about life, truth, humanity, paranoia, or another theme?
• Relate: How do these conflicts relate to and build on the others?
• Support: Use at least two quotes from the play.

Your conclusion will tie all of these conflicts together. Your body paragraphs should build into an insight, or an overall message or theme that Miller conveys through The Crucible. Your conclusion will vary depending on what conflicts you choose. Do all the conflicts relate to one theme, like “justice” or “paranoia”? Or do they show how a character changes over the course of the story? A summary of your paper will not be sufficient for your conclusion ­ you must discuss what the conflicts mean.

This essay should be between three and five pages (750-­1250 words) in length. Your final draft should be saved and submitted as .doc or .pdf file. It should be in 12­-point font in Times New Roman.

Part One

No Plagiarism

You can just makeup a company and a person that you interviewed. It could be a local business in your community. It doesn’t have to be anybody off LinkedIn.

Details:

Strategic communicators effectively communicate to determine key messages. This is essential in building the foundation for successfully delivering the determined messages to the public. The purpose of this assignment is to determine a business’ desired key messages to the public through research, interviewing, and actively listening. This interview will inform your future assignments in this course. For this assignment, complete the following:

1. Connect with a potential mentor on LinkedIn and schedule a time for a face-to-face or digital interview (e.g., Skype).
2. Conduct an interview with the potential mentor by asking your strategic questions from Topic 4.
3. Submit your interview questions and answers.

APA format is not required, but solid academic writing is expected.

Part 2

Please follow the directions on this part and make sure this is original material no plagiarism and provide in text citations

Scenario: You are sitting in your home and you pick up a package of Oreos™ (or some other product of your choosing). After realizing that you have purchased this product for years, you wonder, “Why do I feel so strongly about this product?” You remember your readings from Marketing class and decide to figure out why you feel strongly about this product using the 4 P’s of Marketing and Marketing Strategy concepts.

Develop a 700- to 1,050-word response using the scenario above and answer the following questions:

• What is it about this product that appeals to me? Who are the people like me that are buying this product? (e.g. demographics, consumer characteristics, buyer behavior)
• How do marketers strategically plan to market these products to me?
• Why does the price of this product seem to be of equal value for the satisfaction that I receive when consuming/using this product?
• How does this product get from the manufacturer to the place I can buy it?
• What promotional activities compel me to buy this product?
• What do the answers to these questions tell you about the presumed target market and its relation to the controllable 4 P’s of marketing?
• What social, environmental, and regulatory forces must this product’s marketers overcome to get this product to the customer?

Part 2

STEP 1:

After carefully reading the full instructions for this assignment, please answer the following questions and submit your responses as a .pdf file:

1. What is your commodity? Be specific about the parameters of your commodity. (1-2 sentences)
2. What do you know so far about the where, when, who, and what of your commodity and commodity chain? What and where is the supply chain? Where and how is it sold? Who makes it? Who buys it? (1-2 paragraphs)
3. What are at least 4-5 questions you have about your commodity? What are you most curious about? These can be about any aspect—economic, political, social, cultural, environmental, etc.—of your commodity chain.

It is okay for each group member’s responses to be very similar for this assignment, but you should each submit the worksheet before the deadline to receive credit.

Make sure to include a reference list with APA-style citations for all data sources you used for the preliminary research you conducted.

Rubric

Commodity Chain Analysis Step 1

STEP 2:

After carefully reading the full instructions for this assignment, please complete the following table for each site of your group’s commodity chain that you are responsible for, and submit as a single .pdf file.

Rubric

Commodity Chain Analysis Step

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