While on patrol with the Centervale Police Department (CPD) you are
dispatched to a robbery in progress at the Centervale grocery store. You
arrive to find the suspects have fled the scene. There are several
witnesses inside the store including customers and two store employees.
Obviously shaken, they are huddled together discussing the robbery. You
know that taking witnesses’ statements is a critical piece of any
investigation because witnesses often hold valuable information about
the incident and critical evidence. Further, witnesses also have
first-hand knowledge that can be helpful in narrowing the scope towards
apprehending a suspect and the eventual successful prosecution of a
case. After calling in a Be on the lookout (BOLO) for the suspects and
their vehicle, you proceed by separating the three witnesses inside the
store in order to appropriately conduct interviews: Cashier—Connie
Cousins; Maintenance manager—Larry Sweeney; and Customer—Sally
Frederickson.

Connie Cousins, who is noticeably upset, shares that she has seen
these culprits in the store before. She states, “They have been here
before, one of them knows Larry, they seemed to know right where we keep
our cash and who may be able to retrieve it, me. The older guy had a
huge gun; he put it right in my face. He’s the one that drove the
vehicle that they came in.”

Sally Frederickson, a customer, states, “I’ve never seen these guys
before. They had a gun and seemed to want to shoot someone. I think I
can identify them if I see them again, hey, I heard one of them call
that guy (pointing to Larry) by his name. Larry right?”

During your investigation you develop a lead that another witness,
Larry; the maintenance person of the store, is related to one of the
suspects. Larry Sweeney is 80 years old and he appears mentally
challenged. You learn from a fellow employee that Larry’s mental
capacity is below the fifth grade level. You know that it is crucial
that Larry’s mental capacity, his age, as well as his potential
relationship to one of the suspects are factors that must be considered
throughout the duration of the interview process.

During your investigation you notice some communication challenges as
well as some inconsistencies between witness statements. Based on your
findings, you begin to theorize that Larry Sweeney might have been
involved in the crime. Because you have no probable cause you continue
with the investigation by gathering important information to help
determine who was involved and whose level of involvement meets the
legal elements in order to be appropriately charged.

Two hours after the incident, a fellow police officer spots a vehicle
sitting at a stoplight that matches the description of the suspect’s
vehicle. The officer observes two individuals sitting in the front
driver’s seat and front passenger’s seat of the vehicle. Based on the
information in the BOLO both individuals fit the descriptions that were
given by witnesses at the store. The officer stops the suspect’s vehicle
and detains the suspects without incident. The suspects are then
transported to the CPD for further investigation. The suspects were
later identified as, 14-years-old, Jerry Smith, and Scot Sweeney, 18
year-old-driver of the vehicle.

There are many issues that must be considered when conducting a
successful investigation. In many cases, witness statements and suspect
interrogations are critical towards successful prosecution. Because a
case cannot make it into the courtroom unless legally sound, the
importance of the legal issues in the above scenario cannot be
understated.

Tasks:

In a 9- to 10-page Microsoft Word document, develop a plan for the
interview and/or the interrogation of the witnesses and suspects in this
case scenario. Use APA in-text citations to cite external sources The
details of your plan should include, but are not limited to the
following questions:

• Identify and discuss three strategies that could be effective in
  handling the multiple witnesses to the crime? Analyze controversial
  research and/or theory relating to interview and interrogation. Use this
  information to justify your three strategy selections and how you might
  avoid eliciting false-confessions.
• Describe the optimum room design for conducting this investigation.
  In preparation for these interviews and interrogations create a table of
  General Questions and Specific Questions to ask the witnesses and/or
  suspects. Analyze each question and provide your rationale for why you
  would ask the witnesses or suspects each question.
• The situation with witness/suspect, Larry Sweeney, needs to be
  handled carefully for many reasons. Evaluate this situation: will you be
  conducting an interview or an interrogation? Explain the reason for
  your decision to conduct either an interview or an interrogation. What
  strategies will you employ to effectively interview or interrogate Larry
  and uncover his involvement in this criminal case? How will your
  personal attributes interrelate with the strategies you selected?
• Evaluate the legal implications that need to be considered when
  interrogating juveniles, the elderly, and individuals with questionable
  mental capacity. What laws, case law, and Constitutional Amendments are
  involved? Evaluate the differences between Larry Sweeney and Jerry
  Smith.

The defendant has been arrested for a crime of manslaughter. He has been confined at the local jail for more than 6 months. The Sixth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution guarantees the accused the right to a speedy and public trial.

Primary Task Response: Within the Discussion Board area, write 400–600 words that respond to the following questions with your thoughts, ideas, and comments. This will be the foundation for future discussions by your classmates. Be substantive and clear, and use examples to reinforce your ideas:

• What factors do you think the judge should take into consideration when trying to arrive at a decision on how to ensure the defendant’s right to a public and speedy trial?
• Do you believe that the press has a right to be present during trials? Why or why not? Explain your position.
• What problems do you foresee, if any, with allowing television cameras inside the courtroom? Explain your position.

Question 1 (10 pts)

Consider a bond issued today with a $30,000 face value (F), 20 year maturity (m), and a coupon rate of 6.0 % (c) that pays annually. The relevant benchmark or market rate of interest is 8%. This question is about the price of the bond.

• Can we expect the price of the bond today to be above or below its face value?
• Does your answer in a) depend on the maturity of the bond? (2 pt)
• In which year did the market rate of interest for a US bond with a 10-year maturity exceed 6.0% for the last time ? (4 pts) (please consult any actual database to answer this question)

(4 pts)

Question 2 (10 pts) (Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations)

What are the two principles that govern the assignment of spending responsibilities to different levels of government (e.g. Federal, state and Local). Explain each principle in your own words. For each of the three levels of government (federal, state, and local) name two typical spending responsibilities.

Question 3 (10 pts)

State-owned enterprises can exist for a variety of reasons including when market failure or governance failure is prevalent. Please list three possible reasons and briefly explain how they can lead to the presence of state-owned enterprises.

Question 4 (10 pts)

A Budget Process in Public Financial Management often serves the following purposes (see also Mikesell):

• fiscal discipline and control
• response and alignment to strategic priorities;
• efficient implementation of the budget.

How can the usage of Medium-Term Budget Frameworks (MTBFs) enhance – or impede – these three functions? Please reply with at least six sentences to each of the three functions.

Question 5 (10 pts)

Assume the following: In 2030, 90% of the outstanding bonds issued by the United States, showed a maturity of less than four years. The comparable share for all OECD member countries was 60% at that time. Please provide short answers to the questions below.

• If interest rates rise, who is less vulnerable to higher interest payments:
• Is a treasurer who is lengthening the average maturity of outstanding bonds expecting interests rates in the near to medium-term to rise or to fall? Please add one sentence to explain your answer.
• When interest rates for bonds with very long maturities (e.g., 30 years) are very similar to interest rates for bonds with shorter maturities (e.g., 10 years), is it an indication that i) inflation will remain similar to what it is today or ii) rise compared to its level today?

The US or the OECD as a whole?

Question 6 (10 pts)

Please list three PFM (Public Financial Management) areas that can be affected by SOEs (State-owned Enterprises)? Briefly describe the possible impact in your own words.

Also, please explain recent trends in the prevalence of State-OwnedEnterprises. .

Question 7 (15 pts)

Recalling Benedicta’s dilemma for being asked to pay $4 for a diagnosis as described in the contribution by Jim Yong Kim et al. in “Public Debt and Private Suffering in Peru”, please compare the context that led to this encounter with the text “Adjustment and Disease” in the same article (pp. 137-139).

Compare the argument about privatization with the remarks made by John Williamson in his speech, The Washington Consensus as Policy Prescription for Development.

What would you do differently, if anything? Please explain on one page your reasoning.

Question 8 (15 pts)

Referring to question 7, please ascribe proper roles – in your view – for the state, society, enterprises, and citizen when deciding to privatize or not and by making a reference to the following texts from the encyclical “Caritas in Veritate”, No 58 (quoted below), and Michael Porter as well as to the article by Jim Yong Kim et al. (see question 8). Use other references, too, if you wish to do so.

The principle of subsidiarity must remain closely linked to the principle of solidarity and vice versa, since the former without the latter gives way to social privatism, while the latter without the former gives way to paternalist social assistance that is demeaning to those in need. (CiV, No. 58).

“(S)ocietal needs, not just conventional economic needs, define markets” (Michael Porter – and Mark R. Kramer, Creating Social Value, Harvard Business Review 2011, HBR Reprint R1101C, p. 6).

Question 9 (10 pts)

Many countries use the instrument of a “Treasury Single Account” (TSA).

• Please describe what a “Treasury Single Account” does. (8pts)
• Is a Treasury Single Account part of a country’s Cash Management or Debt Management? (2pts)

Suicide bombing is one of the most popular terrorist tactics used today. While most of the world sees this tactic as barbaric and cannot understand why anyone would agree to using this tactic, there is a school of thought that justifies its use.

Riaz Hassan is an Australian Research Council Professorial Fellow and Emeritus Professor in the Department of Sociology, Flinders University. In January 2010, he wrote a piece titled Life as a Weapon: Making Sense of Suicide Bombings.

1. In a well-written paper:
   • a. Write an essay outlining the justifications for suicide bombing as discussed by Mr. Hassan. In addition find an example of an actual suicide terrorism incident, describe the circumstances and compare and contrast those circumstances with M. Hassan’s piece.
   • b. Make sure your discussion reflects themes in Chapters 5 through 6 of our textbook.
2. Your papers must:
   • • i. The first page of your paper will be a cover sheet correctly formatted according to APA guidelines.
     • ii. The second page will include an Abstract.
     • iii. This paper will use 1-inch margins, Times New Roman 12-point font, and double spacing.
     • iv. A minimum of three citations must be included and the citations for each article MUST be correctly formatted according to APA guidelines. Do NOT use an automated citation manager to perform this function. Do it manually for this assignment and check your formatting against available APA resources.
   • a. Excluding the cover page, the Abstract and references page, this paper must be at least 3 pages of written text.
   • b. Only COMPLETE paragraphs consisting of an introductory sentence, a full explanation of key points supported with properly cited sources, and a concluding sentence may be used.
   • c. Only use published articles from academic texts, such as those found at scholar.google.com or accessed through your Grantham University EBSCO host account (not Wikipedia).
   • d. The entire paper must be your original work. It may not include quotes and at no time should text be copied and pasted.

This paper DOES require an introductory paragraph, explicit thesis statement, concluding paragraph, and references page.

W3 Assignment “Unethical Versus Ethical
Leadership”

Unethical Versus Ethical
Leadership

It takes courage to lead
an organization with ethics.

For instance, Leaders at
AIG argued that they were obligated to pay bonuses to executives even after the
company was bailed out by the U.S.  Government.  They stated that
they had a contractual obligation to pay these bonuses.  Many people
argued that the Leaders at AIG acted unethically when paying those bonuses.
 

Others said they were
justified in doing so.

Write a 2 page paper.  In your paper address the
following:

• How does a leader find the courage to step through fear
       and confusion to act ethically despite the risks involved?
• Give an example of a situation in business where you
       observed a leader acting unethically/ethically.
• Knowing what you know now how would you have counseled
       them?
• Conclude your paper by describing how you will prepare
       yourself to lead ethically.

Include a title page and 3-5 references.  Only one
reference may be from the internet (note Wikipedia).  The other reference
must be from the Grantham University Online Library.  Please adhere to the
Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (APA), (6th ed.
2nd printing) when writing and submitting assignments and papers.