Please write all three of the following essays (33pts each) and answer the following question (1pt) in 2 sentences or less, for 1pt: Would you rather live in Marx or Durkheim’s ideal society and why?

The essays have a max word-count of 1,000. Please give each essay a title and include the essay’s word count. a single MS word document (single-spaced, Times New Roman, 12pt font, 1inch margins)

1. Explain Martineau’s methodological approach. How does it differ from Comte’s methodology?

1. Explain Marx’s theory of history. How do the ideas of Lenin and Luxemburg compare to Marx’s theory of history?

1. Compare and contrast Marx and Durkheim’s future ideal societies.

Write a Brief sketch (1 and 1/2 pages) on Kate Chopin.

Kate Chopin was notoriously criticized for her novel The Awakening (1899). Chopin was known for creating characters that were a stark contrast to the subservient roles of women in her day. This brings us to question whether the thought of women’s roles in literature should reflect the roles of women in real life. Understanding the nuances in women’s literature is an ongoing charge. We must not only read the words of these writers, but we should also take a deeper look into their lives to find out about their personal experiences and how those experiences may have impacted their writing.

Be sure to include what you believe Kate Chopin contributed to the literary movement of the time.

Must cite at least two references on a reference page.

Chapter 3 discusses various theories grouped into four categories which attempt to explain why people commit aggressive crimes.

However, nearly everyone has their own personal theory regarding why certain individuals are prone to commit aggressive crimes based on their own opinions and experiences.

• Write an essay (Minimum 500 words) that explores your personal views about what causes people to commit violent crimes and how the material in this lesson has changed your understanding of the causes of violent crime.

In the first part of this essay, briefly discuss your own personal theory regarding the cause of violent crime before reading and studying the material presented.

• Categorize which of the four major categories of theories (regarding the cause of aggressive crime), your own personal beliefs, or theory about the cause of crime, fell.

In the second part of your paper, discuss how your personal views about the causes of aggressive crime has changed as a result of studying the material presented. Indicate, at least, one of the theories about the cause of violent crime that was significant in changing your personal beliefs about the cause of violent crime.

When completing your assignments, all spelling, punctuation, grammar, formatting, and citations should be written in APA style.  Please see your instructor for any further instructions.

THE FOUR MAIN CONTRIBUTOR THEORIES FOR WHY PEOPLE COMMIT AGGRESSIVE CRIMES

One of the main contributions of psychology to the legal system is providing explanations for why people engage in criminal behavior.

The four main categories these theories fall into are: Sociological, Biological, Psychological and Social-Psychological.

Sociological theories typically look at subcultures and how they influence behavior.

• For example, those at the bottom of the socioeconomic continuum may feel it is fine to take from those that are very rich.
• The main drawback to sociological theories are they have problems explaining cases where a person who was raised in an upper-class household commits a crime.

Biological theories suggest that genetic or biological abnormalities increase the propensity for criminal behavior.  

• Much of this research will look at the behavior of identical and fraternal twins.  
• These studies have found what appears to be a strong genetic predisposition to violent behaviors.  
• Obviously, a person with violent tendencies, compared to a person with self-control,  is more likely to violate the law.  
• Other studies show that a low IQ is positively correlated to convictions for violent behavior. 

Psychological theories concentrate on personality traits in relation to crime.  

• A person with an Antisocial personality disorder will lack a sense of empathy and do not feel remorse for taking advantages of others. Because of this, most antisocials will have contact with the legal system at some point in their lives.  
• Another aspect of personality that can lead to illegal activity is the need for stimulation.  
• Some people need to experience extreme situations to feel excitement, resulting in committing acts society disapprove of.  

While psychological theories make a great deal of intuitive sense, we fail to see a “prototype” criminal personality.

The last group of social–psychological theories tie the individual personality aspects of the person with the influence of the environment.  

The interaction of these two forces will vary by individual and situation making prediction more difficult. The environment part of the equation looks at the role of punishment and rewards in make a behavior more likely.

• A child who steals a piece of candy without getting caught is positively rewarded, increasing the odds of the behavior occurring again.  
• Conversely, if that same child was caught and punished, the chance of that behavior happening in the future is decreased.  

This pattern, however, will be affected by the child’s personality.  A risk aversive personality may not have attempted to take the candy in the first place.  

As a final example, we can look at the correlation between watching violent television programs and views about violent behavior.  

According to Slotsve, del Carmen, Sarver and Villareal-Watkins (2008):

Viewing violence can increase the fear of becoming a victim and a sense of mistrust of others.

Research by George Gerbner and his colleagues (1980) has shown that heavy viewers tend to see the world as dangerous and are more fearful of walking alone in their own neighborhood. This is known as the “mean world syndrome”—believing that the world is a dangerous place.

The more a person watches television, the more suspicious a person is and the greater the person’s expectancy of being involved in real violence (Lefkowits & Huesmann, 1980).

Findings by Nabi and Sullivan (2001) indicated that the amount of television viewing directly influenced prevalence estimates of violence in society, as well as intentions to take protective measures, and indirectly affected mean world attitude.

This effect, however, is tempered by one’s personality. A person who is naturally suspicious of others, compared to a person who is trusting, will be more strongly impacted by watching violence on TV.  It is this interaction between the individual and the environmental factors that have to be teased apart in understanding the motivation to engage in crime.

Write a two to three paragraph response at a minimum for each item.

1 Week 7 “Representing the Company and
Representing Yourself” Please respond to the following:

• In
  an effort to reduce costs, many companies today are outsourcing work that
  they currently do internally. Imagine that you have been asked to find a
  suitable vendor for a particular task and negotiate a contract to govern
  the relationship. Examine the impact of negotiating an outsourcing
  contract on both the potential vendor and the current employees. Create a
  plan that will minimize that impact for both parties affected by the
  negotiations 
• From the e-Activity, create a plan for getting the
  raise you want. Predict two roadblocks that may arise during negotiations
  and recommend two ways to deal with those roadblocks. Also, propose a way
  to artfully say “no” when your boss or other company officers ask you to
  do something that you just do not have time to do or that you do not think
  will help your career. 

2 Week 8 “Buying a New Car and Paying the
Price” Please respond to the following:

• There are a lot of factors to consider
  when purchasing a new car. There are so many different types of vehicles,
  styles, and dealerships from which to choose. Since preparation is the most
  important part of any negotiation, explain the preparation steps you’ll need to
  accomplish before you go to negotiate the price of a new car. Create a plan
  that will get you the best possible price for a new car. 

• From the e-Activity, analyze the different
  options available for financing your new car. Develop a plan that details how
  and where you can get financing information prior to buying a new car. 

3 Week 9 “Purchasing the American Dream and The
Commercial Market” Please respond to the following:

• From the e-Activity, determine the
  preparation that needs to take place before calling the realtor. Support your
  answer with information specific to the area in which you are interested in
  purchasing a home. 

• Commercial property usually costs a lot
  more than an ordinary house; so many businesses prefer to lease the property.
  Determine the three most important issues to you if you were trying to
  negotiate a commercial property lease. Explain why these three are your top
  issues and develop a plan that will ensure these items are part of the lease.