1. Prepare a written plan and identify the means of production you intend to use for the new business opportunity.

   For additional details, please refer to the Module Four Short Paper Guidelines and Rubric document in the Assignment Guidelines and Rubrics section of the course.

3. By submitting this paper, you agree: (1) that you are submitting your paper to be used and stored as part of the SafeAssign™ services in accordance with the Blackboard Privacy Policy; (2) that your institution may use your paper in accordance with your institution’s policies; and (3) that your use of SafeAssign will be without recourse against Blackboard Inc. and its affiliates.

Writing assignment (3-page minimum): Write a minimum of 1.5 pages on each of the following topics. Use all assigned sources thoroughly.

1. J. D. Salinger was in the first wave of soldiers landing on Normandy Beach in WWII; and though not a combat soldier, he lived through some of the bloodliest and deadliest fighting in the European Theater. He spent time in the hospital after the war with what we would call PTSD today–a condition that he seems to suffered from the rest of his life. He carried Holden Caulfield with him everywhere he went as he typed even in foxholes on the manuscript of what became The Catcher in the Rye. Biographers Shields and Salerno argued that this novel was actually the war novel Salinger said no one would ever be honest enough to write. Apparently, they saw the 16-year-old Caulfield as someone suffering from a kind PTSD, perhaps exposed to too much of some poisonous aspect of life. Write about two specific incidents that you believe have somehow wounded Caulfield, and explore how these incidents have shaped Caulfield’s character.

2. The title comes from Holden’s idea that he is in a field of rye where there are multitudes of playing children who are in danger of falling off the cliff and he, wearing his catcher’s mitt, is the only person capable of “catching” them and saving them. Write about at least two specific characters that Holden feels a need to save, making an assertion about what you think lies at the base of this impulse.

Write an original 1½ to 2-page paper that compares Plato’s Republic [Book Five] with Thomas More’s Utopia in terms of one of the following dimensions:

• Change
• Conflict
• Education
• Family
• Gender
• Leadership

Your paper must include at least one brief quotation from each reading [thus two quotes in total].

NB: Do not rely upon quotations I have included in summary materials. Select unique quotations that reflect your personal engagement with both original texts.

Additional instructions

1. Employ double-spacing, one-inch margins, and 12 point Times New Roman font.

2. Review the Gradesheet to ensure professional composition.

NB: You are not expected meet expectations for Gradesheet items 3, 4, 10, 11, and 12.

3. Upload your original paper no later than Friday, March 20, 11:59 p.m.

Please begin by identifying three large ideas or concepts from the class that you found interesting /provocative/revelatory/worthy of remembering. Each of your three 500-word reflections should fall into two parts:

Part A (250+ words): Carefully identify/frame this idea (as if explaining it to a friend). Why did you find it important (i.e., why do you choose it)? Did it reinforce or contradict your previous thinking? Please specifically quote one of the course readings in this portion.

Part B (250+ words): How would you connect this idea to any of the course learning outcomes (pop culture as a reflection of social/historical context; the relationship to a commodity culture; assumptions of embedded race, class, generation, and/or gender)? How might you fit these new or reinforced understandings of pop culture fit into your life? Please include both general and specific examples of resulting thinking and/or behavioral shifts.

Note: Your writing must be original to this assignment; we will not accept work written for posts for this class (please refer to the syllabus for all Academic Honesty guidelines).

Each of the three 2-part reflections is worth 85 points (note the 5-point bonus), and will be graded according to the following rubric:

After reviewing the module resources, consider the following prompt.

The process of discovery allows each side of a court case to “discover” a wide array of information relevant to the legal and factual issues in the case. Discovery can include document requests (requests that the other side produce ledgers, tax returns, medical records, or other items related to the case), interrogatories (written questions to be answered by the litigants or witnesses on the other side), and depositions (questioning a litigant or witness under oath in front of a court reporter who transcribes the questions and answers).

Discovery can be time-consuming and expensive; yet, it can also lead to case settlement after the litigants have a chance to consider all of the evidence and more accurately assess their odds of winning at trial.

In your initial post, describe what you think is the impact on judicial efficiency of allowing for wide-reaching, thorough discovery. Defend your position with examples or detailed explanation. Be sure to address the issue of costs as well as court caseloads.

Some of the module resources…..

http://www.uscourts.gov/about-federal-courts/types…

Civil litigation begins with the filing of a complaint by a plaintiff. The civil defendant responds by filing an answer. The defendant may also file counterclaims back against the plaintiff. Once the claims are filed, the parties move on to discovery, a formal process of disclosing information relevant to the case. Federal and state rules of civil procedure establish several ways to engage in discovery, including interrogatories (written questions), requests for production of documents, and depositions (in-person questioning under oath). The parties are also required to disclose the names of any witnesses as well as any expert witness reports. While each side is entitled to receive discovery, civil cases are often long delayed by disagreements between the parties as to which information is required to be disclosed and how long it will take to assemble the requested answers and documents. Parties may file motions for sanctions (orders or fines) against the other side for failure to comply with discovery schedules.

Either party may file motions to dismiss the claims or to grant summary judgment, or judgment based on the documents. These motions may drag out the pre-trial process, or they may resolve the case without need to go to trial. Many states require, or strongly recommend, that most civil cases go to mediation to attempt to resolve the case by agreement rather than proceeding to trial. The federal court system sends most civil cases to Early Neutral Evaluation (ENE). This is similar to mediation, but aimed more at letting both sides hear the opinion of a third, neutral professional (usually an attorney with long experience practicing in the same subject matter area as the lawsuit) as to the likely outcomes at trial. While most criminal cases resolve in plea agreements, courts do not have the power to require pre-trial mediation in criminal cases, because criminal defendants have a constitutional right to trial. Judges can order civil cases to mediation or Early Neutral Evaluation, and order that the cost of the mediator or ENE be paid by the parties.

Civil parties also lack the constitutional right to a speedy trial that applies in criminal cases. Civil cases often drag out for many years, while court staff do their earnest best to move the case along to either settlement or trial so that it can be removed from the court’s dockets. Once a civil case resolves by a settlement agreement, or after a civil trial, the matter may proceed to appeal or the winning side may need to take additional steps to collect the judgment or enforce any orders issued.

Civil litigation can move more slowly than criminal litigation, as there is more extensive pretrial discovery. This pre-trial discovery can lead to productive settlement of a case, but can also create time-consuming arguments between the parties requiring court intervention. Lack of constitutional mandates for speedy civil trials means that civil trials can languish on the court dockets far longer than criminal matters. The glacial pace of many civil trials can result in justice being long-delayed to victims of injuries or economic fraud or harm, and can tie up business transactions and economic progress to the detriment of the parties and everyone affected by the lawsuit, including employees and creditors of the parties. As students move forward to the last module in this course and envision the future of judicial administration, they should consider which techniques and technologies might help to overcome the scheduling inertia of civil litigation.